Molecularly-targeted cancer therapies have revolutionized the treatment of this heterogeneous and increasingly prevalent disease. Genetic instability is a hallmark of many cancers that generates mutations to support uncontrolled tumor growth and resistance to chemotherapies. The underlying DNA repair defects in these tumors can be exploited in tumor-selective therapies that block critical remaining DNA repair functions to trigger catastrophic damage and cell death. This idea is borne out by the clinical successes of inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) to treat breast and ovarian cancers with mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. However, these BRCA-deficient tumors account for a minority of cancers so it is important to identify other physiological defects of tumors that are synthetically lethal in combination with molecularly targeted therapies. Additionally, the current PARP inhibitors suffer from dose-limiting toxicities, which may result from off-target effects on other members of the large PARP superfamily. As an alternative to PARP inhibitors, we used high-throughput screening to identify selective inhibitors of the human poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase PARG. PARG is a monogenic enzyme that removes the poly(ADP-ribose) posttranslational modification of proteins modified by PARP1. A genetic knockdown of PARG sensitizes cancer cells to DNA damaging agents and radiation and phenocopies the tumor-specific killing effects of PARP1 enzymatic inhibitors in BRCA- deficient cancer cells. In this application, we propose experiments to improve the potency and selectivity of small molecule PARG inhibitors through structure-guided chemical synthesis and testing in vitro, and to advance selected compounds to preclinical trials of tumor killing activity in cultured cells and xenograft models of breast cancer. We will synthesize focused libraries of analogs that exploit unique features of the PARG active site and screen small molecule fragment library to identify new chemotypes and interactions that can be incorporated into our inhibitor design strategy. Selective inhibitors of PARG will be useful probes of cellular responses to cancer chemotherapeutics that damage DNA, and may be useful cancer therapies in their own right by exploiting the genomic instability phenotype of many tumors.

Public Health Relevance

We are developing DNA repair inhibitors as candidates for cancer therapy, to exploit the unstable DNA structure that is a common feature of tumors. Tumors acquire defects in DNA repair to enable mutations that drive tumor growth and resistance to therapies. These tumors become hyper-reliant on the remaining DNA repair activities that we are targeting to block tumor growth.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01CA200231-05
Application #
9654706
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1)
Program Officer
Verma, Sharad Kumar
Project Start
2016-03-07
Project End
2021-02-28
Budget Start
2019-03-01
Budget End
2020-02-29
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2019
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
Department
Microbiology/Immun/Virology
Type
Hospitals
DUNS #
800772139
City
Houston
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
77030