The genome is the cardinal instrument of development that encodes the genetic parts and programs of an organism. With the sequencing of many genomes now complete, a next great frontier in the quest to understand the relationships between genotype and phenotype is to decipher how genome information is regulated. This frontier encompasses two essential attributes: regulatory code """"""""hardwired"""""""" in genomes that specify spatial and temporal patterns of gene expression, and epigenetic influences that specify biological context to which a genome responds. This proposal investigates a complex odorant receptor (OR) gene regulatory system that is likely to reveal both novel genetic and epigenetic properties of the genome, and thus provide additional insights into how transcriptional regulation is coordinated genome-wide. Using cell lines derived from pre-neuronal progenitors, our experiments will provide insights into the deterministic and stochastic properties underlying mutually exclusive OR expression during the development of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Specifically, we will characterize restricted OR expression potential in OSN progenitors, determine whether singular OR selection utilizes iterative regulatory mechanisms, elucidate epigenetic contributions to OR co-regulation, and investigate the biological significance of OR RNA nuclear localization. Broadly, these studies will contribute to our knowledge about the structural organization of genomes and the """"""""histone code"""""""" as it pertains to gene co- regulation and cell differentiation. The development and characterization of an OSN cell culture system should have far-reaching utility to the neuroscience community, especially considering that olfactory neurons are one of the only known central neuron types in mammals that are capable of regeneration throughout the life of an organism. Research on epigenetic regulation also has far-reaching implications to the medical community, since imprinting-related diseases (e.g., Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome), oncogenic transformation, and other genetic disorders (e.g., Thalassemia) are associated with perturbation of normal chromatin states. In total, this project will utilize and further develop a promising in vitro system for studying OR expression and OSN development, provide some of the first data on the OR epigenome, and contribute to our understanding of gene co-regulatory programs inherent in our genome.

Public Health Relevance

This grant proposal will contribute to our understanding of the development of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and the epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression in the genome. Contributions to a basic understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of OSN development is particularly relevant to public health, because OSNs are one of the only known central neuron types that are capable of regeneration. Epigenetic regulation is central to a number of important health concerns, including tumorogenesis, imprinting disorders, gene therapeutic strategies, and stem cell research.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01DC006267-06A1
Application #
7983711
Study Section
Molecular Neurogenetics Study Section (MNG)
Program Officer
Davis, Barry
Project Start
2003-07-01
Project End
2015-04-30
Budget Start
2010-05-26
Budget End
2011-04-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$366,192
Indirect Cost
Name
Wesleyan University
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
145683954
City
Middletown
State
CT
Country
United States
Zip Code
06459
Vyas, Rutesh N; Meredith, Diane; Lane, Robert P (2017) Lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) depletion disrupts monogenic and monoallelic odorant receptor (OR) expression in an olfactory neuronal cell line. Mol Cell Neurosci 82:1-11
Kilinc, Seda; Savarino, Alyssa; Coleman, Julie H et al. (2016) Lysine-specific demethylase-1 (LSD1) is compartmentalized at nuclear chromocenters in early post-mitotic cells of the olfactory sensory neuronal lineage. Mol Cell Neurosci 74:58-70
Kilinc, Seda; Meredith, Diane T; Lane, Robert P (2014) Sequestration within nuclear chromocenters is not a requirement for silencing olfactory receptor transcription in a placode-derived cell line. Nucleus 5:318-30
Kambere, Marijo B; Lane, Robert P (2009) Exceptional LINE density at V1R loci: the Lyon repeat hypothesis revisited on autosomes. J Mol Evol 68:145-59
Kurzweil, Vanessa C; Getman, Mike; NISC Comparative Sequencing Program et al. (2009) Dynamic evolution of V1R putative pheromone receptors between Mus musculus and Mus spretus. BMC Genomics 10:74
Pathak, Nidhi; Johnson, Paul; Getman, Michael et al. (2009) Odorant receptor (OR) gene choice is biased and non-clonal in two olfactory placode cell lines, and OR RNA is nuclear prior to differentiation of these lines. J Neurochem 108:486-97
Kambere, Marijo B; Lane, Robert P (2007) Co-regulation of a large and rapidly evolving repertoire of odorant receptor genes. BMC Neurosci 8 Suppl 3:S2
Stewart, Robert; Lane, Robert P (2007) V1R promoters are well conserved and exhibit common putative regulatory motifs. BMC Genomics 8:253
Young, Janet M; Kambere, Marijo; Trask, Barbara J et al. (2005) Divergent V1R repertoires in five species: Amplification in rodents, decimation in primates, and a surprisingly small repertoire in dogs. Genome Res 15:231-40
Lane, Robert P; Young, Janet; Newman, Tera et al. (2004) Species specificity in rodent pheromone receptor repertoires. Genome Res 14:603-8