Hypophosphatasia (HPP) results from ALPL gene mutations, which lead to a deficiency of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) function and accumulation in the extracellular space of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent inhibitor of mineralization that is also one of the natural substrates of TNAP. HPP is characterized by defective mineralization of bones (rickets or osteomalacia), and teeth that display a lack of acellular cementum, dentin and enamel hypomineralization and periodontal defects. During the past funding period, we demonstrated the effectiveness of daily enzyme replacement therapy using mineral-targeted recombinant TNAP (asfotase alfa) to prevent the skeletal and dental defects in the TNAP knockout (Alpl-/-) mouse model of infantile HPP. This therapy is now in phase III clinical trials in patients with life-threatening HPP. These clinical tials are revealing aspects of HPP disease whose pathophysiology we do not yet understand nor improve, such as the premature fusion of skull bones (craniosynostosis) and calcification of the kidney parenchyma (nephrocalcinosis). Patients currently under treatment with asfotase alfa still require craniectomy to relieve intracranial pressure and their nephrocalcinosis has not resolved after five years of treatment. In addition, there is the concern that long-term treatment with asfotase alfa, because of the mineral- seeking properties of this drug, may accelerate the development of vascular calcification in adult patients. Thus, having gone from Bench to Bedside during the last funding period, this competitive renewal application is Back to the Bench. Taking advantage of our collection of mouse models we propose hypotheses-driven specific aims that will ask clinically relevant questions that will help improve the treatment of HPP patients. We will test the hypothesis that changes in purinergic signaling affect the behavior of calvarial cells leading to craniosynostosis. We also surmise that lack of TNAP in the kidney lead to increased tissue insult by endotoxins leading to mesenchymal damage that serves as a nidus for nephrocalcinosis. We will also assess the relative risks-to-benefits of enzyme replacement with mineral-targeted vs soluble non-targeted enzyme. Our work will fill a void in our understanding of what biochemical pathways are affected in soft tissues by the lack of TNAP. Our studies will also provide crucially needed pathophysiological data to help improve the clinical management of patients with life-threatening HPP and point to the most appropriate therapeutic approach for patients with the milder forms of the disease.

Public Health Relevance

During the past funding period we have gone from 'bench-to-bedside' validating three different enzyme replacement therapy strategies that prevent soft bones in a mouse model of infantile hypophosphatasia. One of those drugs (asfotase alfa) is now in clinical trials providing life-saving treatment for patients with severe hypophosphatasia. I this renewal application, we are going 'back to the bench' to use a variety of animal models to ask clinically important questions related to the premature fusion of skull bones and abnormal mineralization of the kidney that treatment with asfotase alfa does not appear to resolve. We will also address a concern of a potential adverse effect of this treatment on arterial calcification in adult patients and assess the relative risk/benefit ratio of using a soluble, non-targeted, enzyme replacement in the management of hypophosphatasia.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DE012889-17
Application #
9235272
Study Section
Skeletal Biology Development and Disease Study Section (SBDD)
Program Officer
Wan, Jason
Project Start
1999-03-01
Project End
2021-03-31
Budget Start
2017-04-01
Budget End
2018-03-31
Support Year
17
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
Department
Type
DUNS #
020520466
City
La Jolla
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
92037
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