Inflammation and parenchymal tissue damage are hallmarks of pancreatitis. In particular, severe necrosis is a major complication of the disease. Over the past decade, significant progress has been achieved in understanding the mechanisms of the inflammatory response of pancreatitis. In contrast, very little is known about the mechanisms of pancreatic acinar cell death. Mechanisms of necrosis are largely unknown. Key signals mediating apoptosis have been established; however, their roles in disease processes remain obscure, and they have not been investigated in pancreatitis. The role of cell death pathways in pathologic trypsin activation, an important marker of tissue damage in pancreatitis, has not been explored. Our preliminary data indicate that key necrotic and apoptotic mechanisms: poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), mitochondrial dysfunction, caspases (specific cysteine proteases), and the transcription factor NFkappaB are activated in experimental models of pancreatitis and in pancreatic acinar cells stimulated with cholecystokinin (CCK). For the present application, we hypothesize that in pancreatitis, necrotic and apoptotic signaling pathways are interrelated. Activation of PARP and mitochondrial de-energization leads to ATP depletion and necrosis. On the other hand, effector caspases mediate apoptosis and limit necrosis by inactivating PARP and trypsin. NFkappaB negatively regulates effector caspases and, thus plays an anti-apoptotic role in pancreatitis. Thus PARP, mitochondrial dysfunction, caspases, and NFkappaB play central roles in determining the balance between apoptotic versus necrotic type of acinar cell death and the severity of pancreatitis. We propose the following specific objectives for the present application: 1). Determine the role of PARP in necrosis and apoptosis in experimental pancreatitis and in vitro, in pancreatic acini stimulated with CCK. 2). Determine the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in necrosis and apoptosis in experimental pancreatitis and in vitro, in pancreatic acini stimulated with CCK. 3) Determine the role of caspases in necrosis, apoptosis, and trypsin activation in experimental pancreatitis and in vitro, in pancreatic acini stimulated with CCK. 4). Determine the role of NFkappaB in necrosis and apoptosis in experimental pancreatitis and in vitro, in pancreatic acini stimulated with CCK. Measurements to achieve these goals will include measures of pancreatitis, morphologic characterization of apoptosis and necrosis, intrapancreatic activation of caspases and trypsin, cytochrome c release, mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP levels, and NFkappaB activation by using Western blot and gel shift analyses, enzymatic and fluorimetric assays. The result of the experiments in the proposed specific objectives will be delineation of key molecular mechanisms regulating necrosis and apoptosis in acute pancreatitis, which will lead to novel therapeutic strategies to treat the disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01DK059936-01A2
Application #
6573786
Study Section
General Medicine A Subcommittee 2 (GMA)
Program Officer
Serrano, Jose
Project Start
2003-04-01
Project End
2007-03-31
Budget Start
2003-04-01
Budget End
2004-03-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2003
Total Cost
$201,310
Indirect Cost
Name
University of California Los Angeles
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
092530369
City
Los Angeles
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
90095
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Gukovskaya, Anna S; Pandol, Stephen J; Gukovsky, Ilya (2016) New insights into the pathways initiating and driving pancreatitis. Curr Opin Gastroenterol :
Mukherjee, Rajarshi; Mareninova, Olga A; Odinokova, Irina V et al. (2016) Mechanism of mitochondrial permeability transition pore induction and damage in the pancreas: inhibition prevents acute pancreatitis by protecting production of ATP. Gut 65:1333-46
Gukovsky, Ilya; Gukovskaya, Anna S (2015) Impaired autophagy triggers chronic pancreatitis: lessons from pancreas-specific atg5 knockout mice. Gastroenterology 148:501-5
Mareninova, Olga A; Sendler, Matthias; Malla, Sudarshan Ravi et al. (2015) Lysosome associated membrane proteins maintain pancreatic acinar cell homeostasis: LAMP-2 deficient mice develop pancreatitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 1:678-694
Gukovsky, Ilya; Li, Ning; Todoric, Jelena et al. (2013) Inflammation, autophagy, and obesity: common features in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Gastroenterology 144:1199-209.e4
Shalbueva, Natalia; Mareninova, Olga A; Gerloff, Andreas et al. (2013) Effects of oxidative alcohol metabolism on the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and necrosis in a mouse model of alcoholic pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 144:437-446.e6
Gukovsky, Ilya; Pandol, Stephen J; Mareninova, Olga A et al. (2012) Impaired autophagy and organellar dysfunction in pancreatitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 27 Suppl 2:27-32
Gukovskaya, Anna S; Gukovsky, Ilya (2012) Autophagy and pancreatitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 303:G993-G1003
Gukovsky, Ilya; Pandol, Stephen J; Gukovskaya, Anna S (2011) Organellar dysfunction in the pathogenesis of pancreatitis. Antioxid Redox Signal 15:2699-710

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