The marked recent increase in overweight and obesity prevalence implicates behavioral factors in the etiology of these problems and, as a consequence, suggests strategies for intervention. The present proposal hypothesizes the trend is attributable, in part, to increasing consumption of energy-yielding beverages since their consumption has risen in concert with BMI trends, their inclusion or exclusion from diets leads to predictable weight changes, they now contribute over 20% of daily energy in the population and they elicit weaker appetitive and dietary responses than semi-solid or solid foods. Four human studies are proposed to contrast an array of appetitive and physiological responses to selected pre-ingestive (e.g., cognitive, orosensory, masticatory) influences on ingestion of fluid and solid food forms. Early work indicated the expected energy content of foods better predicted their impact on appetite than their true energy content and rheological properties influence this expectation. Study 1 will explore the anticipated satiety effects, GI transit time, gut hormone secretion and glycemic response to ingestion of matched fluid and solid food forms by manipulating the expected and actual rheological properties of the foods prior to and following ingestion. A heirarchy of appetitive effects have been reported for the macronutrients, but appear less predictable in fluids. Study 2 will monitor appetitive responses to fluid and solid foods varying in nutrient content to clarify this issue. Because of hypothesized independent and synergistic effects of mastication on appetite, GI transit, gut hormone secretion and glycemic responses, these outcomes will be measured following controlled masticatory activity in conjunction with drinking. Study 4 will examine the role of cephalic phase responses on post-prandial glucose, insulin and selected gut peptide concentrations using fluid and solid dietary stimuli. In addition, the role of learning in these responses will be tested. Increasing evidence suggests that the reward system may override homeostatic appetitive cues in the regulation of feeding. All trials will contrast findings from lean and obese individuals to determine whether the regulatory mechanisms for energy balance may be less precise, especially for beverages, in the latter group. The findings should aid development of dietary recommendations and products to address the problems of overweight/obesity.

Public Health Relevance

Beverages contribute over 20% of daily energy intake. Because they have low satiety value and elicit only weak compensatory dietary responses, they have been implicated in weight gain and obesity. An improved understanding of the mechanisms by which beverages and other food forms differ in their impact on energy balance is warranted to support or challenge the behavioral data linking beverage intake to obesity and to develop effective intervention strategies for weight management. This project will explore whether pre-ingestive factors (e.g., cognition, orosensory cues, mastication) associated with beverage versus solid food ingestion differentially elicit appetitive, dietary and physiological (e.g., GI transit, gut endocrine secretion, glycemia) responses involved in energy balance in lean and obese individuals.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01DK079913-03
Application #
8069908
Study Section
Clinical and Integrative Diabetes and Obesity Study Section (CIDO)
Program Officer
Evans, Mary
Project Start
2009-05-01
Project End
2014-04-30
Budget Start
2011-05-01
Budget End
2012-04-30
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$430,927
Indirect Cost
Name
Purdue University
Department
Nutrition
Type
Other Domestic Higher Education
DUNS #
072051394
City
West Lafayette
State
IN
Country
United States
Zip Code
47907
Dhillon, Jaapna; Lee, Janice Y; Mattes, Richard D (2017) The cephalic phase insulin response to nutritive and low-calorie sweeteners in solid and beverage form. Physiol Behav 181:100-109
Jones, Joshua B; Mattes, Richard D (2014) Effects of learning and food form on energy intake and appetitive responses. Physiol Behav 137:1-8
Mattes, Richard D; Considine, Robert V (2013) Oral processing effort, appetite and acute energy intake in lean and obese adults. Physiol Behav 120:173-81
Houchins, J A; Tan, S-Y; Campbell, W W et al. (2013) Effects of fruit and vegetable, consumed in solid vs beverage forms, on acute and chronic appetitive responses in lean and obese adults. Int J Obes (Lond) 37:1109-15
Kant, Ashima K; Graubard, Barry I; Mattes, Richard D (2012) Association of food form with self-reported 24-h energy intake and meal patterns in US adults: NHANES 2003-2008. Am J Clin Nutr 96:1369-78
Cassady, Bridget A; Considine, Robert V; Mattes, Richard D (2012) Beverage consumption, appetite, and energy intake: what did you expect? Am J Clin Nutr 95:587-93
Apolzan, John W; Leidy, Heather J; Mattes, Richard D et al. (2011) Effects of food form on food intake and postprandial appetite sensations, glucose and endocrine responses, and energy expenditure in resistance trained v. sedentary older adults. Br J Nutr 106:1107-16
Mattes, Richard D (2010) Foreword: symposium on beverages and health. Physiol Behav 100:1-3
Mattes, Richard D (2010) Hunger and thirst: issues in measurement and prediction of eating and drinking. Physiol Behav 100:22-32
Chavez-Jauregui, Rosa N; Mattes, Richard D; Parks, Elizabeth J (2010) Dynamics of fat absorption and effect of sham feeding on postprandial lipema. Gastroenterology 139:1538-48

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