Studies from our laboratory over the past two decades have shown that the retina and rod outer segments (ROS) have an active phosphoinositide (P1) metabolism (called the P1 Cycle) that generates several lipid second messengers. During the last year, we discovered that the insulin receptor -subunit (IR) is tyrosine phosphorylated in vivo and in vitro in response to light and directly activates PT 3-kinase, which forms PI-3,4,5-P3 and other D3-phosphorylated PIs in ROS. In other tissues, these second messengers have been shown to affect a large number of intracellular events, including secretion, cell survival, membrane trafficking, and actin polymerization, all of which are important in the retina. It is our hypothesis that light-stimulation of this reaction in photoreceptor cell outer segments affects important photoreceptor cell function(s) not related to visual transduction. The long-term goal of our research is to elucidate the physiological role of these lipid second messengers in photoreceptor cells. To this end, we will determine the mechanism of activation of the enzymes that synthesize these messengers and identify their downstream effectors. Expression of GST-fusion proteins containing the JR motif will be used in pull-down assays to obtain proteins that can be identified on Western Blots, by 2D gel electrophoresis followed by in-gel digestion and mass spectrometry of the peptide fragments, or by protein sequencing followed by cloning and sequencing the gene. Once these proteins have been identified, we will attempt to determine their role in the light-driven reactions involving the insulin receptor and the P1 Cycle. We will use new gene knockout technology now available in our laboratory to selectively eliminate the gene products of several enzymes of the P1 Cycle in photoreceptor cells and determine the effect on photoreceptor structure and function.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY000871-33
Application #
6688284
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-SSS-R (02))
Program Officer
Mariani, Andrew P
Project Start
1995-02-01
Project End
2005-11-30
Budget Start
2003-12-01
Budget End
2004-11-30
Support Year
33
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$366,250
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Department
Ophthalmology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
878648294
City
Oklahoma City
State
OK
Country
United States
Zip Code
73117
Rajala, Raju V S; Rajala, Ammaji (2018) Redundant and Nonredundant Functions of Akt Isoforms in the Retina. Adv Exp Med Biol 1074:585-591
Rajala, Ammaji; Wang, Yuhong; Brush, Richard S et al. (2018) Pyruvate kinase M2 regulates photoreceptor structure, function, and viability. Cell Death Dis 9:240
Rajala, Ammaji; Wang, Yuhong; Rajala, Raju V S (2018) Constitutive Activation Mutant mTOR Promote Cone Survival in Retinitis Pigmentosa Mice. Adv Exp Med Biol 1074:491-497
Wang, Yuhong; Rajala, Ammaji; Rajala, Raju V S (2018) Nanoparticles as Delivery Vehicles for the Treatment of Retinal Degenerative Diseases. Adv Exp Med Biol 1074:117-123
Agbaga, Martin-Paul; Merriman, Dana K; Brush, Richard S et al. (2018) Differential composition of DHA and very-long-chain PUFAs in rod and cone photoreceptors. J Lipid Res 59:1586-1596
Hopiavuori, Blake R; Deák, Ferenc; Wilkerson, Joseph L et al. (2018) Homozygous Expression of Mutant ELOVL4 Leads to Seizures and Death in a Novel Animal Model of Very Long-Chain Fatty Acid Deficiency. Mol Neurobiol 55:1795-1813
Hopiavuori, Blake R; Agbaga, Martin-Paul; Brush, Richard S et al. (2017) Regional changes in CNS and retinal glycerophospholipid profiles with age: a molecular blueprint. J Lipid Res 58:668-680
Azadi, Seifollah; Brush, Richard S; Anderson, Robert E et al. (2016) Class I Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Exerts a Differential Role on Cell Survival and Cell Trafficking in Retina. Adv Exp Med Biol 854:363-9
Simón, María Victoria; Agnolazza, Daniela L; German, Olga Lorena et al. (2016) Synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from eicosapentaenoic acid in retina neurons protects photoreceptors from oxidative stress. J Neurochem 136:931-46
Wang, Yuhong; Rajala, Ammaji; Cao, Binrui et al. (2016) Cell-Specific Promoters Enable Lipid-Based Nanoparticles to Deliver Genes to Specific Cells of the Retina In Vivo. Theranostics 6:1514-27

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