This research will explore the physiology of the cerebellar nodulus and uvula and their role in ocular and neck muscle reflexes that control gaze. The strong vestibular and visual inputs to nodulus and uvula suggest a function in convergent processing of sensory inputs and adaptation to distrubed sensory input, and their outputs suggest a reflex control function. Physiological recordings have shown sensory convergence in other cerebellar structures, and lesion studies have implicated cerebellum investibulo-ocular reflex adaptation, which requires visual-vestibular interaction, but there have been few studies of nodulus and uvula. Neural activity in nodulus and uvula will be recorded in awake animals which are free to look about or are fixating a stationary spot. Single neuron responses will be related to visual field motion stimuli and vestibular rotation stimuli which are presented either separately or simultaneously. Stimuli will be presented in a variety of different planes or directions. Simultaneous stimuli will either convey the same information about the speed and direction of motion, or will ave various discrepancies between visual and vestibular stimulus information, including conflicts like those that elicit vestibulo-ocular refles adaptation. Lesions of nodulus and uvula will be made, and tests will be done of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, optokinetic nystagmus and after nystagmus, the cervico-ocular refles, vestibulo-collic refles, and vestibulo-ocular refles suppression before and after the lesions to examine the role of nodulus and uvula in controlling the dynamics and spatial organization of these gaze reflexes. The same reflexes will also be studied in animals that have been fitted with magnifying or reducing spectacles that produce an adaptive modification of the vestibulo-ocular refles. Animals will undergo and adaptation procedure, be tested, receive a lesion, be retested, undergo the adaptation procedure again, then be tested again. The results of the proposed experiments will give us further insight into the functions of the cerebellum in motor behavior, adaptation to disturbed sensory inputs, and recovery from neurological disorders caused by brain damage.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY005289-03
Application #
3260283
Study Section
Visual Sciences B Study Section (VISB)
Project Start
1984-04-01
Project End
1987-03-31
Budget Start
1986-04-01
Budget End
1987-03-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
1986
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Northwestern University at Chicago
Department
Type
School of Medicine & Dentistry
DUNS #
005436803
City
Chicago
State
IL
Country
United States
Zip Code
60611
Quinn, K J; Schmajuk, N; Baker, J F et al. (1992) Simulation of adaptive mechanisms in the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Biol Cybern 67:103-12
Peterson, B W; Baker, J F; Perlmutter, S I et al. (1992) Neuronal substrates of spatial transformations in vestibuloocular and vestibulocollic reflexes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 656:485-99
Quinn, K J; Schmajuk, N; Jain, A et al. (1992) Vestibuloocular reflex arc analysis using an experimentally constrained neural network. Biol Cybern 67:113-22
Keshner, E A; Baker, J F; Banovetz, J et al. (1992) Patterns of neck muscle activation in cats during reflex and voluntary head movements. Exp Brain Res 88:361-74
Powell, K D; Quinn, K J; Rude, S A et al. (1991) Frequency dependence of cat vestibulo-ocular reflex direction adaptation: single frequency and multifrequency rotations. Brain Res 550:137-41
Peterson, B W; Baker, J F; Houk, J C (1991) A model of adaptive control of vestibuloocular reflex based on properties of cross-axis adaptation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 627:319-37
Wickland, C R; Baker, J F; Peterson, B W (1991) Torque vectors of neck muscles in the cat. Exp Brain Res 84:649-59
Baker, J F; Peterson, B W (1991) Excitation of the extraocular muscles in decerebrate cats during the vestibulo-ocular reflex in three-dimensional space. Exp Brain Res 84:266-78
Khater, T T; Baker, J F; Peterson, B W (1990) Dynamics of adaptive change in human vestibulo-ocular reflex direction. J Vestib Res 1:23-9
Fukushima, K; Perlmutter, S I; Baker, J F et al. (1990) Spatial properties of second-order vestibulo-ocular relay neurons in the alert cat. Exp Brain Res 81:462-78

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