The long term goal is to understand the structure and function of the diverse ganglion cell types in human and macaque retina and the cellular mechanisms and circuits that give rise to parallel visual pathways. Our specific goals for the next period are to determine the origin and mechanisms of separate blue/yellow and red/green color opponent pathways. A unique in vitro preparation of the intact macaque monkey retina will be used to record intracellularly form anatomically identified ganglion and amacrine cell types. The proposed research has four specific aims: 1) to determine the locus and cellular mechanisms for blue/yellow spectral oppenency in the small bistratified ganglion cell type. We will test the novel hypothesis that blue-ON/yellow-OFF spectral antagonism derives from combined excitatory ON- and OFF-pathway cone bipolar inputs to the bistratified dendritic tree. 2) To determine the locus and retinal mechanism for red-green spectral opponency in the midget ganglion cell type. We will test the hypothesis that the relative weightings of L- and M-cone input to the excitatory center and inhibitory surround of the midget ganglion cell type determines the presence and degree of red/green opponent signals. 3) To measure the color opponent and non-opponent properties of the newly identified ganglion cell types that project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). We will characterize in detail the morphology and physiology of novel ganglion cell types that project to the LGN and determine their roles in color-opponent and non-opponent pathways to primary visual cortex. Tracer injection will be made into physiologically identified sites in the LGN and retrogradely labelled ganglion cells will be targeted for intracellular recording and analysis in the in vitro retina. 4) To determine the light responses and functional cone connections of identified amacrine cell types in macaque. We will continue our analysis of primate amacrine cell physiology and test the hypothesis that distinctive small-field cell types contribute to blue/yellow, red/green and non-opponent cone signal pathways. Many aspects of macaque vision and visual pathway organization are comparable to the human counterpart; our results therefore will contribute to the best and most detailed structure-function model of the cell types and functional architecture of the human retina. Primate retinal cell types have traditionally been inaccessible to physiological analysis and their functional significance and relevance to human retinal disease and visual disorders have remain unexplored. Taken together, the proposed projects will contribute to clarifying the retinal origins and circuits for color-opponent pathways, the evolution of color vision in primates, the cellular basis for psychophysical measures of human color vision and mechanisms by which retinal disease affects human color vision.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01EY006678-15
Application #
6150756
Study Section
Visual Sciences C Study Section (VISC)
Program Officer
Hunter, Chyren
Project Start
1986-02-01
Project End
2004-01-31
Budget Start
2000-02-01
Budget End
2001-01-31
Support Year
15
Fiscal Year
2000
Total Cost
$239,376
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Washington
Department
Anatomy/Cell Biology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
135646524
City
Seattle
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
98195
Wool, Lauren E; Crook, Joanna D; Troy, John B et al. (2018) Nonselective Wiring Accounts for Red-Green Opponency in Midget Ganglion Cells of the Primate Retina. J Neurosci 38:1520-1540
Liao, Hsi-Wen; Ren, Xiaozhi; Peterson, Beth B et al. (2016) Melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells on macaque and human retinas form two morphologically distinct populations. J Comp Neurol 524:2845-72
Hannibal, J; Kankipati, L; Strang, C E et al. (2014) Central projections of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in the macaque monkey. J Comp Neurol 522:2231-48
Dacey, Dennis M; Crook, Joanna D; Packer, Orin S (2014) Distinct synaptic mechanisms create parallel S-ON and S-OFF color opponent pathways in the primate retina. Vis Neurosci 31:139-51
Joo, Hannah R; Peterson, Beth B; Dacey, Dennis M et al. (2013) Recurrent axon collaterals of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Vis Neurosci 30:175-82
Schmidt, Tiffany M; Do, Michael Tri H; Dacey, Dennis et al. (2011) Melanopsin-positive intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells: from form to function. J Neurosci 31:16094-101
Joo, Hannah R; Peterson, Beth B; Haun, Toni J et al. (2011) Characterization of a novel large-field cone bipolar cell type in the primate retina: evidence for selective cone connections. Vis Neurosci 28:29-37
Crook, Joanna D; Manookin, Michael B; Packer, Orin S et al. (2011) Horizontal cell feedback without cone type-selective inhibition mediates ""red-green"" color opponency in midget ganglion cells of the primate retina. J Neurosci 31:1762-72
Packer, Orin S; Verweij, Jan; Li, Peter H et al. (2010) Blue-yellow opponency in primate S cone photoreceptors. J Neurosci 30:568-72
Crook, Joanna D; Davenport, Christopher M; Peterson, Beth B et al. (2009) Parallel ON and OFF cone bipolar inputs establish spatially coextensive receptive field structure of blue-yellow ganglion cells in primate retina. J Neurosci 29:8372-87

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