A fundamental problem faced by the visual system is providing information about the 3d environment from the 2d retinal images. Perhaps the most precise source of information arises from the fact that the two eyes have different vantage points. This means that images on the two retinae are not identical. The differences between the locations of matching features on the retinae are binocular disparities and the ability to perceive depth from these disparities is stereopsis. Investigations of inferring 3d layout from disparity fall into two general categories: 1) the estimation of disparity from the retinal images and 2) the interpretation of the estimated disparity.
Specific Aim 1 concerns disparity estimation and Specific Aims 2 and 3 concern disparity interpretation. In the experiments and modeling associated with Specific Aim 1, we will examine the spatial and chromatic properties of disparity-estimating mechanisms. We will, for example, determine whether the highest stereo resolution, the disparity-gradient limit, and the difference in stereo sensitivity with luminance as opposed to chromatic stimuli result from using a binocular-matching algorithm that provides piecewise-frontal estimates of the depth map. In some of these experiments, we will improve the optics of the eye and investigate the costs and benefits to stereovision. In the experiments and modeling associated with Specific Aim 2, we will investigate whether disparity and texture slants signals are combined in a weighted sum (for estimating slant) and a difference (for assessing texture homogeneity). We will also examine how changes in the reliability of disparity and texture signals affect these two processes. In the experiments associated with Specific Aim 3, we will study a widely experienced perceptual phenomenon: adaptation to the 3d distortions that result from horizontal magnification of one eye's image. We will try to pinpoint the adaptation mechanism and to determine whether subjects can adapt to two states simultaneously. We will also examine adaptation to a vertical magnification of one's eye image.
| Sprague, William W; Cooper, Emily A; Toši?, Ivana et al. (2015) Stereopsis is adaptive for the natural environment. Sci Adv 1: |
| Johnson, Paul V; Kim, Joohwan; Banks, Martin S (2015) Stereoscopic 3D display technique using spatiotemporal interlacing has improved spatial and temporal properties. Opt Express 23:9252-75 |
| Banks, Martin S; Cooper, Emily A; Piazza, Elise A (2014) Camera Focal Length and the Perception of Pictures. Ecol Psychol 26:30-46 |
| Johnson, Paul V; Kim, Joohwan; Banks, Martin S (2014) The visibility of color breakup and a means to reduce it. J Vis 14:10 |
| Kane, David; Guan, Phillip; Banks, Martin S (2014) The limits of human stereopsis in space and time. J Neurosci 34:1397-408 |
| Kim, Joohwan; Kane, David; Banks, Martin S (2014) The rate of change of vergence-accommodation conflict affects visual discomfort. Vision Res 105:159-65 |
| Kim, Joohwan; Kane, David; Banks, Martin S (2012) Visual Discomfort and the Temporal Properties of the Vergence-Accommodation Conflict. Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng 8288:828811 |
| Banks, Martin S; Read, Jenny C A; Allison, Robert S et al. (2012) Stereoscopy and the Human Visual System. SMPTE Motion Imaging J 121:24-43 |
| Cooper, Emily A; Piazza, Elise A; Banks, Martin S (2012) The perceptual basis of common photographic practice. J Vis 12:8 |
| Held, Robert T; Cooper, Emily A; Banks, Martin S (2012) Blur and disparity are complementary cues to depth. Curr Biol 22:426-31 |
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