Our recent studies have demonstrated that abnormal activation of the Wnt pathway plays key roles in pathogenesis of retinal inflammation, NV and fibrosis in both AMD and diabetic retinopathy. A genetic study has reported that variants of very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) are associated with AMD. We have recently reported that VLDLR functions as a negative regulator of the Wnt pathway, as VLDLR knockout resulted in Wnt pathway over-activation, leading to AMD-like pathologies, such as retinal inflammation, vascular leakage and sub-retinal NV. Toward the mechanism by which VLDLR regulates the Wnt pathway, we have recently obtained the following preliminary data: 1) Expression of VLDLR and its soluble extracellular domain (VLDLRN) inhibits Wnt signaling. 2) The VLDLRN peptide decreases total LRP6 protein levels. 3) Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that VLDLRN binds with LRP6, forming a VLDLR-LRP6 heterodimer. 4) VLDLRN peptide blocks Fz-LRP6 dimerization induced by Wnt ligand. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that VLDLR forms a heterodimer with LRP6, which blocks the Wnt ligand-induced LRP6 aggregation and LRP6 signalosome formation. This binding may represent a mechanism by which VLDLR inhibits Wnt signaling. To test this hypothesis, we will determine if binding of VLDLR to LRP6 blocks the Wnt ligand-induced LRP6 aggregation and formation of signalosomes. We will also determine if binding of VLDLR to LRP6 affects LRP6 endocytosis and stability. Further, we will define the sequence domains responsible for the interaction between VLDLR and LRP6 using deletion mutants and co-immunoprecipitation assays. The therapeutic potential of the sequence domain of VLDLR binding to LRP6 and inhibiting Wnt signaling will be explored by evaluating its efficacy on retinal inflammation, vascular leakage and NV. Recently, two independent large clinical trials reported that fenofibrate, a PPAR1 agonist which lowers VLDL levels in the circulation, has therapeutic effects on retinal vascular leakage and NV in type 2 diabetic patients. Our preliminary studies found that fenofibrate inhibits Wnt signaling and up- regulates VLDLR expression and its promoter activity. Therefore, we will test the hypothesis that inhibition of Wnt signaling through up-regulation of VLDLR expression by fenofibrate represents a mechanism for its beneficial effects on retinal inflammation, vascular leakage and NV. We will use VLDLR KO mice, PPAR1 KO mice and primary RPE and endothelial cells from these KO mice to determine if VLDLR and PPAR1 are essential for mediating the Wnt-inhibiting effect of fenofibrate. These studies will elucidate the mechanism by which VLDLR regulates the Wnt pathway and identify a novel, endogenous regulatory mechanism for this important pathway. The proposed studies will reveal the interactions between PPAR1 and the canonical Wnt pathway and contribute to the development of new treatment for AMD.

Public Health Relevance

Choroidal neovascularization is a severe complication of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and a major cause of blindness in aged population. This project aims to explore a novel pathogenic mechanism, i.e., activation of the wnt signal pathway, for choroidal neovascularization. This project may also identify a clinical drug for the treatment of AMD.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
3R01EY018659-03S1
Application #
8427399
Study Section
Biology and Diseases of the Posterior Eye Study Section (BDPE)
Program Officer
Shen, Grace L
Project Start
2007-12-01
Project End
2014-07-31
Budget Start
2011-08-01
Budget End
2012-07-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$43,007
Indirect Cost
$13,948
Name
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Department
Physiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
878648294
City
Oklahoma City
State
OK
Country
United States
Zip Code
73117
Wang, Bing; Li, Pui-Kai; Ma, Jian-Xing et al. (2018) Therapeutic Effects of a Novel Phenylphthalimide Analog for Corneal Neovascularization and Retinal Vascular Leakage. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 59:3630-3642
Shin, Younghwa; Moiseyev, Gennadiy; Petrukhin, Konstantin et al. (2018) A novel RPE65 inhibitor CU239 suppresses visual cycle and prevents retinal degeneration. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1864:2420-2429
Qiu, Fangfang; Shin, Younghwa; Chen, Danyang et al. (2018) Anti-angiogenic effect of a humanized antibody blocking the Wnt/?-catenin signaling pathway. Microvasc Res 119:29-37
Chen, Qian; Qiu, Fangfang; Zhou, Kelu et al. (2017) Pathogenic Role of microRNA-21 in Diabetic Retinopathy Through Downregulation of PPAR?. Diabetes 66:1671-1682
Malechka, Volha V; Moiseyev, Gennadiy; Takahashi, Yusuke et al. (2017) Impaired Rhodopsin Generation in the Rat Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. Am J Pathol 187:2222-2231
Qiu, Fangfang; Liu, Zhen; Zhou, Yueping et al. (2017) Decreased Circulating Levels of Dickkopf-1 in Patients with Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration. Sci Rep 7:1263
Pearsall, Elizabeth A; Cheng, Rui; Zhou, Kelu et al. (2017) PPAR? is essential for retinal lipid metabolism and neuronal survival. BMC Biol 15:113
Qiu, Fangfang; Matlock, Greg; Chen, Qian et al. (2017) Therapeutic Effects of PPAR? Agonist on Ocular Neovascularization in Models Recapitulating Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 58:5065-5075
He, Xuemin; Cheng, Rui; Park, Kyoungmin et al. (2017) Pigment epithelium-derived factor, a noninhibitory serine protease inhibitor, is renoprotective by inhibiting the Wnt pathway. Kidney Int 91:642-657
Chen, Qian; Ma, Jian-Xing (2017) Canonical Wnt signaling in diabetic retinopathy. Vision Res 139:47-58

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