Perception of ecologically relevant visual stimuli such as faces and bodies is achieved through two processing streams extending from early visual cortex (EVC) to lateral occipito-temporal cortex (LOTC) and ventral temporal cortex (VTC), respectively. However, if and how the underlying microstructure and white matter connections constrain the functional organization and support neural computations in these visual streams remains poorly understood. Leveraging advancements achieved in the prior funding period, we propose a unique multimodal approach, combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), quantitative MRI (qMRI), diffusion MRI (dMRI), anatomical quantification, and innovative computational modeling to elucidate how structural factors constrain the functional organization of LOTC and VTC. The research has three main aims.
Aim 1 will test a quantitative model of functional-anatomical correspondence in high-level visual cortex. Using fMRI, analysis of micro- and macro-structure, the research will quantify the correspondence between macroanatomical landmarks, cytoarchitecture, and functional regions in LOTC and VTC.
Aim 2 will determine how white matter connections regulate the functional organization of high-level visual cortex. Using dMRI and fMRI this aim will test (i) if different white matter connections from EVC to downstream regions contribute to the segregation of functional regions within and across visual streams, and (ii) if the eccentricity of the origin of these white matter connections impacts the visual field coverage of downstream regions.
Aim 3 will develop and test a spatiotemporal population receptive field model of responses in visual cortex.
This aim will provide not only an innovative approach using fMRI and computational modeling to predict responses to a large range of stimuli that vary in size, position, timing, and duration, but will also provide a quantitative framework to test the impact of top-down attention on basic visual computations. Overall, the proposed research will significantly advance understanding of high-level vision by filling in longstanding gaps in knowledge. The research will (1) provide a parsimonious model of how the microstructure and connections scaffold the function and computations of both ventral and lateral streams, (2) break new ground in computational models of visual cortex, and (3) generate innovative multimodal in vivo methods to quantify microstructural properties of visual cortex. Together, the research has important implications for clinical conditions that are associated with malfunction of high-level vision including developmental prosopagnosia, autism, and dyslexia.

Public Health Relevance

Our proposed research is in-line with the mission of the NEI to advance knowledge of the neural mechanisms of the visual system. We expect our proposed research to significantly advance the understanding the relation between structure, function and computation. The outcome of our research will improve the well-being of individuals in society as it will provide foundational knowledge that can lead to the identification of neurodiagnostic markers of tissue structure and function that can be measured non-invasively within individuals.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01EY023915-06
Application #
9883393
Study Section
Mechanisms of Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Processes Study Section (SPC)
Program Officer
Flanders, Martha C
Project Start
2014-06-01
Project End
2024-01-31
Budget Start
2020-02-01
Budget End
2021-01-31
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2020
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Stanford University
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94305
Rosenke, Mona; Weiner, Kevin S; Barnett, Michael A et al. (2018) A cross-validated cytoarchitectonic atlas of the human ventral visual stream. Neuroimage 170:257-270
Grotheer, Mareike; Jeska, Brianna; Grill-Spector, Kalanit (2018) A preference for mathematical processing outweighs the selectivity for Arabic numbers in the inferior temporal gyrus. Neuroimage 175:188-200
Weiner, Kevin S; Barnett, Michael A; Witthoft, Nathan et al. (2018) Defining the most probable location of the parahippocampal place area using cortex-based alignment and cross-validation. Neuroimage 170:373-384
Berman, Shai; West, Kathryn L; Does, Mark D et al. (2018) Evaluating g-ratio weighted changes in the corpus callosum as a function of age and sex. Neuroimage 182:304-313
Weiner, Kevin S; Natu, Vaidehi S; Grill-Spector, Kalanit (2018) On object selectivity and the anatomy of the human fusiform gyrus. Neuroimage 173:604-609
Takemura, Hiromasa; Pestilli, Franco; Weiner, Kevin S et al. (2017) Occipital White Matter Tracts in Human and Macaque. Cereb Cortex 27:3346-3359
Bugatus, Lior; Weiner, Kevin S; Grill-Spector, Kalanit (2017) Task alters category representations in prefrontal but not high-level visual cortex. Neuroimage 155:437-449
Lorenz, Simon; Weiner, Kevin S; Caspers, Julian et al. (2017) Two New Cytoarchitectonic Areas on the Human Mid-Fusiform Gyrus. Cereb Cortex 27:373-385
Weiner, Kevin S; Yeatman, Jason D; Wandell, Brian A (2017) The posterior arcuate fasciculus and the vertical occipital fasciculus. Cortex 97:274-276
Grill-Spector, Kalanit; Weiner, Kevin S; Kay, Kendrick et al. (2017) The Functional Neuroanatomy of Human Face Perception. Annu Rev Vis Sci 3:167-196

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