Centrosomes form the poles of the spindle in animal cells and are involved in microtubule nucleation, chromosome alignment, chromosome movement, and determining the plane of the cleavage furrow. The ways in which the centrosomes are formed, function, and reproduce are poorly understood. 1. We have isolated centrioles from sea urchin sperm and have microinjected them into fertilized sea urchin eggs. This always leads to the formation of numerous supernumerary asters. To test for the role of the putitive centriolar RNA in centrosome formation and reproduction, we will treat the centrioles with various RNAases, a RNA crosslinking compound, or irradiate them with 260nm light in the presence of ethidium bromide. 2. We will study the role of centrosomal RNA in microtubule nucleation in vitro. Isolated centrosomes will be chilled or treated with Colcemid to disassemble existing microtubules. They will then be exposed to 6S tubulin before or after treatment by RNAases, fragments of RNAases, RNA crosslinking and RNA breaking compounds. We will determine the ability of the treated isolates to nucleate microtubules in vitro. 3. Isolated centrosomes will be treated in the ways just described and then microinjected into fertilized eggs. We will test for microtubule nucleation, chromosome attachment, chromosome movement, and reproduction of the centrosomes. 4. We will investigate the functional properties of the pericentriolar material when separated from centrioles in vivo. Portions of the pericentriolar material will be pulled off the centrosome with a microneedle and their behavior followed with a polarizing microscope. We will look for the ability of this pericentrolar material to function as a pole and reproduce with each cell cycle. These experiments should help resolve the controversy over the role of the centriole in the formation of the spindle pole. 5. We will investigate how the poles of acentriolar, anastral spindles are established. We will microinject plant or mouse egg spindles into fertilized eggs. Their behavior in the sea urchin cytoplasm will be determined. This work will provide a better understanding of the mechanisms that control cell division in both normal and cancerous cells.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01GM030758-04
Application #
3278623
Study Section
Cellular Biology and Physiology Subcommittee 1 (CBY)
Project Start
1982-05-01
Project End
1988-04-30
Budget Start
1985-05-01
Budget End
1986-04-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
1985
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Worcester Foundation for Biomedical Research
Department
Type
DUNS #
City
Shrewsbury
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
Uetake, Yumi; Sluder, Greenfield (2018) Activation of the apoptotic pathway during prolonged prometaphase blocks daughter cell proliferation. Mol Biol Cell 29:2632-2643
Duronio, Robert J; O'Farrell, Patrick H; Sluder, Greenfield et al. (2017) Sophisticated lessons from simple organisms: appreciating the value of curiosity-driven research. Dis Model Mech 10:1381-1389
Sluder, Greenfield (2016) Using sea urchin gametes and zygotes to investigate centrosome duplication. Cilia 5:20
Lambrus, Bramwell G; Daggubati, Vikas; Uetake, Yumi et al. (2016) A USP28-53BP1-p53-p21 signaling axis arrests growth after centrosome loss or prolonged mitosis. J Cell Biol 214:143-53
Wu, Qiong; Madany, Pasil; Akech, Jacqueline et al. (2015) The SWI/SNF ATPases Are Required for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation. J Cell Physiol 230:2683-94
Lambrus, Bramwell G; Uetake, Yumi; Clutario, Kevin M et al. (2015) p53 protects against genome instability following centriole duplication failure. J Cell Biol 210:63-77
Sluder, Greenfield (2014) One to only two: a short history of the centrosome and its duplication. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 369:
Ward, C L; Boggio, K J; Johnson, B N et al. (2014) A loss of FUS/TLS function leads to impaired cellular proliferation. Cell Death Dis 5:e1572
Douthwright, Stephen; Sluder, Greenfield (2014) Link between DNA damage and centriole disengagement/reduplication in untransformed human cells. J Cell Physiol 229:1427-36
Sluder, Greenfield; Nordberg, Joshua J (2013) Microscope basics. Methods Cell Biol 114:1-10

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