X-ray crystallography has provided atomic resolution views of substrates and inhibitors bound at enzyme active sites, conveying the impression that the active site functional groups provide a precisely aligned """"""""solvation sphere"""""""" for the ligand. Yet, the resolution of the structures is insufficient to determine the extent that this specific solvation alters the chemical reactivity of the bound molecule. The experiments in this proposal are designed to detect and quantify the electronic strain present in substrates bound to enoyl-CoA hydratase, lactate dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. The primary methods to be used are spectroscopic, largely resonance Raman and UV, and isotope effects. The proposed studies will increase our understanding of enzyme catalysis and provide the necessary background to design transition state analogs. Crotonase has been proposed to catalyze a concerted syn elimination reaction. Novel H/D/T isotope effect experiments that will confirm the concerted mechanism and establish whether the transition state is characterized by tunneling are proposed. Further we will examine the ground state structure of the substrate and product complexes spectroscopically. Preliminary UV and resonance Raman results indicate there are dramatic alterations in the electronic structure of the bound substrates. Enzymes catalyzing syn eliminations are a growing class of enzyme, including some endonucleases, that are not well characterized mechanistically. Past experimental studies have ignored the function of the carboxamide in dehydrogenase reactions. The extreme stereospecificity of lactate dehydrogenase will be determined with site specific mutants and nucleotide analogs to quantify the importance of the carboxamide in the catalytic mechanism. The induction of strain in the dihydropyridine ring of NADH in the ternary complex will be examined by measuring isotope effects on association. The well defined ion pair and H-bonding interactions of the enzyme with lactate and oxamate will allow us to calibrate the effects of these molecular interactions on isotope effects on association. HMG-CoA reductase is a pharmaceutically important enzyme that has recently been cloned, overexpressed and crystallized. The dithioester of HMG-CoA is a potent inhibitor of this enzyme, which additionally induces substrate inhibition by NAD(P)H. We plan to pursue stereochemical, spectroscopic and kinetic studies of this enzyme to delineate the importance of the thiocarbonyl polarization to the unusual inhibition.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01GM036562-07
Application #
3290786
Study Section
Physical Biochemistry Study Section (PB)
Project Start
1986-04-01
Project End
1996-06-30
Budget Start
1992-07-01
Budget End
1993-06-30
Support Year
7
Fiscal Year
1992
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Case Western Reserve University
Department
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
077758407
City
Cleveland
State
OH
Country
United States
Zip Code
44106
Anderson, Vernon E (2005) Quantifying energetic contributions to ground state destabilization. Arch Biochem Biophys 433:27-33
Bahnson, Brian J; Anderson, Vernon E; Petsko, Gregory A (2002) Structural mechanism of enoyl-CoA hydratase: three atoms from a single water are added in either an E1cb stepwise or concerted fashion. Biochemistry 41:2621-9
Liu, Binqiu; Wang, Yingqiang; Fillgrove, Kerry L et al. (2002) Triclosan inhibits enoyl-reductase of type I fatty acid synthase in vitro and is cytotoxic to MCF-7 and SKBr-3 breast cancer cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 49:187-93
Fillgrove, K L; Anderson, V E (2001) The mechanism of dienoyl-CoA reduction by 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase is stepwise: observation of a dienolate intermediate. Biochemistry 40:12412-21
Goshe, M B; Chen, Y H; Anderson, V E (2000) Identification of the sites of hydroxyl radical reaction with peptides by hydrogen/deuterium exchange: prevalence of reactions with the side chains. Biochemistry 39:1761-70
Fillgrove, K L; Anderson, V E (2000) Orientation of coenzyme A substrates, nicotinamide and active site functional groups in (Di)enoyl-coenzyme A reductases. Biochemistry 39:7001-11
Baker-Malcolm, J F; Lantz, M; Anderson, V E et al. (2000) Novel inactivation of enoyl-CoA hydratase via beta-elimination of 5, 6-dichloro-7,7,7-trifluoro-4-thia-5-heptenoyl-CoA. Biochemistry 39:12007-18
Kean, E L; Wei, Z; Anderson, V E et al. (1999) Regulation of the biosynthesis of N-acetylglucosaminylpyrophosphoryldolichol, feedback and product inhibition. J Biol Chem 274:34072-82
Fillgrove, K L; Anderson, V E; Mizugaki, M (1999) Cloning, expression, and purification of the functional 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase from rat liver mitochondria. Protein Expr Purif 17:57-63
Fedoriw, A M; Liu, H; Anderson, V E et al. (1998) Equilibrium and kinetic parameters of the sequence-specific interaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with nontemplate strand oligodeoxyribonucleotides. Biochemistry 37:11971-9

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