Tubes are the building blocks of most human organs. Defects in tube development cause serious birth defects, while defects in tube maintenance underlie many common health problems such as kidney disease, heart disease and stroke. It is therefore important to understand how tubes initially form and are maintained. Unicellular tubes are a special class of very tiny tubes, just one cell in diameter. Mammals have many such tubes in the capillary beds that interface with organs such as the brain and kidney. Unicellular tubes also appear to be precursors to larger bore tubes in the vasculature. Despite this, very little is known about how unicellular tubes develop in vivo or to what degree they rely on the same polarity pathways as more complex multicellular tubes. We will identify molecular requirements for unicellular tube development and maintenance in the C. elegans excretory system, a simple renal-like organ consisting of only 3 unicellular tube cells. We've identified the EGF-Ras-ERK pathway and multiple other genes as important for tube development or maintenance in this organ. We will use these and other existing mutants to gain insight into two main questions.
Aim 1) What establishes """"""""apical inward"""""""" polarity and controls where epithelial junctions form to create a unicellular tube? We will (a) use live imaging to visualize tubulogenesis in WT and various mutants to ask what patterns of cell contact favor unicellular tube development~ (b) Systematically test the requirements for known polarity regulators in unicellular tube development~ and (c) Conduct unbiased genetic screens to find more genes important for unicellular tube development.
Aim 2) Once formed, how are unicellular tube junctions and lumen maintained, and what triggers their disassembly? We will (a) Test the roles of two newly discovered apically-localized transmembrane proteins in apical domain organization~ (b) Test if downregulation of one of these proteins is involved in EMT-like withdrawal~ and (c) Identify additional genes required for tube maintenance. Our experiments take advantage of the system's very simple anatomy and powerful imaging and genetic approaches possible in C. elegans to address central questions about unicellular tubes that are also relevant to the biology of all tubes.

Public Health Relevance

Problems with tube development or maintenance cause birth defects such as spina bifida and many common diseases such as kidney disease, heart disease and stroke. These studies investigate how tubes develop and are maintained, with a special emphasis on the tiniest tubes in our bodies. Understanding these mechanisms will help in the design of therapies to prevent or treat tube-related disease.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01GM058540-11
Application #
8449297
Study Section
Development - 2 Study Section (DEV2)
Program Officer
Hoodbhoy, Tanya
Project Start
2000-04-01
Project End
2015-12-31
Budget Start
2013-01-01
Budget End
2013-12-31
Support Year
11
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$324,240
Indirect Cost
$121,590
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Genetics
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Flatt, Kristen M; Beshers, Caroline; Unal, Cagla et al. (2018) Epidermal Remodeling in Caenorhabditis elegans Dauers Requires the Nidogen Domain Protein DEX-1. Genetics :
Soulavie, Fabien; Hall, David H; Sundaram, Meera V (2018) The AFF-1 exoplasmic fusogen is required for endocytic scission and seamless tube elongation. Nat Commun 9:1741
Cohen, Jennifer D; Flatt, Kristen M; Schroeder, Nathan E et al. (2018) Epithelial Shaping by Diverse Apical Extracellular Matrices Requires the Nidogen Domain Protein DEX-1 in Caenorhabditis elegans. Genetics :
Sundaram, Meera V; Cohen, Jennifer D (2017) Time to make the doughnuts: Building and shaping seamless tubes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 67:123-131
Gill, Hasreet K; Cohen, Jennifer D; Ayala-Figueroa, Jesus et al. (2016) Integrity of Narrow Epithelial Tubes in the C. elegans Excretory System Requires a Transient Luminal Matrix. PLoS Genet 12:e1006205
Sundaram, Meera V; Buechner, Matthew (2016) The Caenorhabditis elegans Excretory System: A Model for Tubulogenesis, Cell Fate Specification, and Plasticity. Genetics 203:35-63
Soulavie, Fabien; Sundaram, Meera V (2016) Auto-fusion and the shaping of neurons and tubes. Semin Cell Dev Biol 60:136-145
Parry, Jean M; Sundaram, Meera V (2014) A non-cell-autonomous role for Ras signaling in C. elegans neuroblast delamination. Development 141:4279-84
Sundaram, Meera V (2013) Canonical RTK-Ras-ERK signaling and related alternative pathways. WormBook :1-38
Mancuso, Vincent P; Parry, Jean M; Storer, Luke et al. (2012) Extracellular leucine-rich repeat proteins are required to organize the apical extracellular matrix and maintain epithelial junction integrity in C. elegans. Development 139:979-90

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