An important current goal in molecular biophysics is to determine the extent to which protein behavior observed in vitro is reflective of that occurring in vivo. Experimental approaches based on """"""""in-cell"""""""" NMR and fluorescence techniques are beginning to bridge the gaps in knowledge, but such studies can present significant technical challenges in terms of execution, resolution and interpretation;in addition, they typically allow only one or a few types of macromolecule to be studied at a time. To provide a complement to these experimental approaches, the purpose of this proposal is to develop a Brownian dynamics (BD) simulation method capable of modeling intracellular environments at a near-atomic level of resolution, and to apply the method to simulate key aspects of protein behavior in a model of the cytoplasm of the prokaryote Escherichia coli. The simulation method will allow all macromolecules to be treated as fully flexible, thereby allowing protein folding events in vivo to be modeled, and will provide a rigorous modeling of the hydrodynamic interactions that are crucial to include if the diffusional properties of macromolecules are to be accurately captured.
Three Specific Aims will be pursued.
In Aim 1, a comprehensive, parallelized coarse-grained (CG) BD simulation method will be completed that allows large-scale biomolecular systems to be modeled. The proposed work will involve (a) the implementation of a novel method for modeling hydrodynamic interactions on a very large scale, and (b) parallelization of the simulation code so that it runs efficiently on common distributed-memory computer clusters.
In Aim 2, a comprehensive force field for use in CG simulations of protein/RNA systems will be derived for use with the simulation code developed in Aim 1. Importantly, parameterization of the force field will be performed in two fundamentally different ways: 'top down', using experimental data on the thermodynamics of weak macromolecular interactions, and 'bottom up', using all-atom, explicit-solvent molecular dynamics simulation data. In addition to being parameterized in a comprehensive way, the derived CG force field will be unique in also having its hydrodynamic parameters explicitly parameterized. Finally, in Aim 3, the methods developed in Aims 1 and 2 will be used to perform a series of simulation studies examining fundamental aspects of protein behavior in the highly crowded conditions encountered in vivo. BD simulations of protein folding thermodynamics in concentrated single-protein solutions will be compared with the results of H/D exchange measurements. BD simulations of protein diffusion in a model of the cytoplasm of E. coli will be aimed at reproducing in silico the results of 'in-cel'NMR and fluorescence-recovery-after-photobleaching (FRAP) experiments, also performed in E. coli. Finally, BD simulations of the thermodynamics and kinetics of protein folding in the E. coli cytoplasm will also be carried out and compared with corresponding experimental data. If successful, the methods developed and applied here will provide a fundamentally new view of macromolecular behavior in vivo that will be capable of rationalizing previously poorly understood experimental results and making directly testable predictions. Both the simulation code and its attendant force fields will be made freely available to the community.

Public Health Relevance

The proposed work is relevant to public health because it seeks to understand, through the use of molecular simulations, the thermodynamics and kinetics of protein folding in vivo;misfolding of proteins underpins a number of neurological diseases. The work is relevant to the NIGMS's mission because it seeks to understand, at a quantitative level, the extent to which protein behavior observed in vitro (folding, diffusion, etc might be fundamentally different from that occurring in vivo.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01GM087290-03A1
Application #
8577732
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BCMB-N (02))
Program Officer
Wehrle, Janna P
Project Start
2009-09-21
Project End
2017-12-31
Budget Start
2014-01-01
Budget End
2014-12-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$262,972
Indirect Cost
$56,122
Name
University of Iowa
Department
Biochemistry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
062761671
City
Iowa City
State
IA
Country
United States
Zip Code
52242
Miller, Mark S; Lay, Wesley K; Li, Shuxiang et al. (2017) Reparametrization of Protein Force Field Nonbonded Interactions Guided by Osmotic Coefficient Measurements from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 13:1812-1826
Lay, Wesley K; Miller, Mark S; Elcock, Adrian H (2017) Correction to Reparameterization of Solute-Solute Interactions for Amino Acid-Sugar Systems Using Isopiestic Osmotic Pressure Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 13:3076
Hacker, William C; Li, Shuxiang; Elcock, Adrian H (2017) Features of genomic organization in a nucleotide-resolution molecular model of the Escherichia coli chromosome. Nucleic Acids Res 45:7541-7554
Lay, Wesley K; Miller, Mark S; Elcock, Adrian H (2017) Reparameterization of Solute-Solute Interactions for Amino Acid-Sugar Systems Using Isopiestic Osmotic Pressure Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 13:1874-1882
Andrews, Casey T; Campbell, Brady A; Elcock, Adrian H (2017) Direct Comparison of Amino Acid and Salt Interactions with Double-Stranded and Single-Stranded DNA from Explicit-Solvent Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 13:1794-1811
Chen, Ran; Subramanyam, Shyamal; Elcock, Adrian H et al. (2016) Dynamic binding of replication protein a is required for DNA repair. Nucleic Acids Res 44:5758-72
Lay, Wesley K; Miller, Mark S; Elcock, Adrian H (2016) Optimizing Solute-Solute Interactions in the GLYCAM06 and CHARMM36 Carbohydrate Force Fields Using Osmotic Pressure Measurements. J Chem Theory Comput 12:1401-7
Miller, Mark S; Lay, Wesley K; Elcock, Adrian H (2016) Osmotic Pressure Simulations of Amino Acids and Peptides Highlight Potential Routes to Protein Force Field Parameterization. J Phys Chem B 120:8217-29
Frembgen-Kesner, Tamara; Andrews, Casey T; Li, Shuxiang et al. (2015) Parametrization of Backbone Flexibility in a Coarse-Grained Force Field for Proteins (COFFDROP) Derived from All-Atom Explicit-Solvent Molecular Dynamics Simulations of All Possible Two-Residue Peptides. J Chem Theory Comput 11:2341-54
Schrodt, Michael V; Andrews, Casey T; Elcock, Adrian H (2015) Large-Scale Analysis of 48 DNA and 48 RNA Tetranucleotides Studied by 1 ?s Explicit-Solvent Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Chem Theory Comput 11:5906-17

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