Light entrains the circadian clock located in suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons by altering the expression of two clock genes, Per1 and Per2, thus ensuring that physiological processes occur at the appropriate time of day. Light information is transmitted to the SCN via the retinohypothalamic tract (RHT), composed of light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells containing the photopigment melanopsin that synapse on SCN neurons. RHT input to the SCN initiates an intracellular signaling cascade that ultimately leads to altered expression of clock genes, but the specific pathways remain poorly understood. In one model, RHT input activates voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, triggering release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, possibly mediated through nitric oxide signaling. However, these findings as yet have not been tied directly to altered clock gene expression. In the present proposal, we will take advantage of a new animal model that makes it possible to study activity-dependent induction of Per1 in individual SCN neurons. The overall goal of our research is to understand the signal transduction pathways regulating photic entrainment of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. Based on the data obtained during the current funding period, we hypothesize that Ca2+ entering SCN neurons primarily through L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels during action potential firing triggered by excitatory glutamatergic or excitatory GABAergic synaptic transmission induces Per1 gene expression.
Four Specific Aims will study the regulation of Ca2+ and Per1 gene expression in SCN neurons during different portions of the circadian day. We will use an innovative combination of Ca2+ imaging and single cell electrophysiological recording methods applied to SCN neurons prepared from transgenic mice (Per1:Venus) expressing the fluorescent protein Venus driven by the Per1 promoter. These methods will allow us to monitor changes in Ca2+ concentration and membrane potential while simultaneously recording Per1 expression in individual SCN neurons. Through this research, we expect to identify the component steps of the light entrainment pathway, and more generally, to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms regulating activity- dependent changes in gene expression.

Public Health Relevance

Given the increasing around the clock activity of humans in our complex society it is important to understand how desynchrony between circadian clocks and the environment contribute to an increased vulnerability to a variety of diseases and to identify the mechanisms and strategies leading to mitigation or correction.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
9R01GM096972-06
Application #
8059339
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-IFCN-L (02))
Program Officer
Tompkins, Laurie
Project Start
2004-03-01
Project End
2014-11-30
Budget Start
2010-12-01
Budget End
2011-11-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$336,045
Indirect Cost
Name
Oregon Health and Science University
Department
Neurosciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
096997515
City
Portland
State
OR
Country
United States
Zip Code
97239
Diekman, Casey O; Belle, Mino D C; Irwin, Robert P et al. (2013) Causes and consequences of hyperexcitation in central clock neurons. PLoS Comput Biol 9:e1003196
Irwin, Robert P; Allen, Charles N (2013) Simultaneous electrophysiological recording and calcium imaging of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons. J Vis Exp :50794
Irwin, Robert P; Allen, Charles N (2010) Neuropeptide-mediated calcium signaling in the suprachiasmatic nucleus network. Eur J Neurosci 32:1497-506
Irwin, Robert P; Allen, Charles N (2009) GABAergic signaling induces divergent neuronal Ca2+ responses in the suprachiasmatic nucleus network. Eur J Neurosci 30:1462-75