Language is a hallmark of human beings. In the last 50 years, debates on language have given way to a new view of the process by which humans acquire language. One catalyst for theoretical change has been empirical studies on infants. In the last decade, researchers have not only charted when infants acquire knowledge about the properties of their native language, but how they do so, and this has caused a revision in linguistic and psychological theories. New research focuses on the phonetic units of speech, the consonants and vowels that form building blocks for words. Key advances from this laboratory are cross- language data showing that infants learn from exposure to language in the earliest periods of development and that this alters speech perception to assist language learning. Moreover, our studies show that early speech predicts later language, and that the clarity of mothers' infant-directed speech is linked to infants' speech perception abilities. Finally, brain measures on infants and adults listening to language suggest that, during early development, the infant brain """"""""neurally commits"""""""" to the patterns of native language speech and that this both promotes future language learning as well as the decline in nonnative speech perception that occurs at the end of the first year of life. This work on early speech perception is impacting child development, neuroscience, neurobiology, and computational modeling. The early speech measures developed as a part of this project are being used in the study of developmental disabilities including autism, and may provide an early marker of the disability. The data prompted an extension of the Native Language Magnet model to incorporate neural commitment as the mechanism for developmental change. This theoretical position provides the background and framework for the studies in this proposal. Four converging lines of research are proposed to test the theory and further advance our knowledge of infant speech development: (a) speech perception development and its impact on language; (b) the brain correlates of early speech and language development, (c) the role of language input to children, and (d) brain plasticity and the """"""""critical period"""""""" for language acquisition. The research will produce data that address theories of speech and language development and more general theories of the interface between biology and culture. ? ? ?

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01HD037954-06A2
Application #
7212358
Study Section
Language and Communication Study Section (LCOM)
Program Officer
Mccardle, Peggy D
Project Start
1999-06-01
Project End
2012-02-29
Budget Start
2007-03-01
Budget End
2008-02-29
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2007
Total Cost
$573,458
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Washington
Department
Other Health Professions
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
605799469
City
Seattle
State
WA
Country
United States
Zip Code
98195
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Ramírez-Esparza, Nairán; García-Sierra, Adrián; Kuhl, Patricia K (2014) Look who's talking: speech style and social context in language input to infants are linked to concurrent and future speech development. Dev Sci 17:880-91
Deniz Can, Dilara; Richards, Todd; Kuhl, Patricia K (2013) Early gray-matter and white-matter concentration in infancy predict later language skills: a whole brain voxel-based morphometry study. Brain Lang 124:34-44
Moon, Christine; Lagercrantz, Hugo; Kuhl, Patricia K (2013) Language experienced in utero affects vowel perception after birth: a two-country study. Acta Paediatr 102:156-60
Akiyama, Lisa F; Richards, Todd R; Imada, Toshiaki et al. (2013) Age-specific average head template for typically developing 6-month-old infants. PLoS One 8:e73821
Rivera-Gaxiola, Maritza; Garcia-Sierra, Adrian; Lara-Ayala, Lourdes et al. (2012) Event-related potentials to an english/spanish syllabic contrast in mexican 10-13-month-old infants. ISRN Neurol 2012:702986
Zhao, Tian; Moon, Christine; Lagercrantz, Hugo et al. (2011) Prenatal Motherese? Newborn Speech Perception May Be Enhanced by Having a Young Sibling. Psi Chi J Undergrad Res 16:90-94
Conboy, Barbara T; Kuhl, Patricia K (2011) Impact of second-language experience in infancy: brain measures of first- and second-language speech perception. Dev Sci 14:242-8
Kuhl, Patricia K (2011) Neuroscience. Who's talking? Science 333:529-30
Moon, Christine (2011) The role of early auditory development in attachment and communication. Clin Perinatol 38:657-69

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