This is a competing renewal of 5R01 HL034708-22, which has supported the development of a clinically relevant model of cardiac preconditioning using human cardiomyocytes derived from the human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), derived from both normal iPSCs (N-iPSCs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus iPSCs (DM-iPSCs). In the past funding cycle, focus has been on using human cardiac tissue obtained during cardiac bypass;in those studies we investigated the underlying mechanisms of volatile anesthetic-induced cardiac protection from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, our approach had several limitations, including the use of atrial specimens from patients exhibiting various diseases and in whom different drug therapies were utilized. This in vitro model of human disease will enable developmental and comparative studies of normal and diabetic cardiomyocytes to address genetic and environmental mechanisms responsible for attenuation of preconditioning efficacy in diabetics. Importantly, the proposed experiments will also yield new insights into how diabetes might alter the potential efficacy of stem cells for future use in regenerative medicine. The working hypothesis is that delayed opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) pore during I/R is central for APC, and that diabetes impairs cardioprotection through actions on mitochondria that are both acute (hyperglycemia) and genetic in origin. On the basis of our progress in developing a clinically relevant model of cardiac preconditioning, we propose the following Specific Aims:
Specific Aim 1. Determine mitochondrial bioenergetics, ion homeostasis, and signaling pathways in human ventricular cardiomyocytes derived from N-iPSCs and DM-iPSCs.
Specific Aim 2. Determine contributions of sarcKATP channel to anesthetic-induced mitochondrial protection of human cardiomyocytes derived from N-iPSCs and DM-iPSCs.
Specific Aim 3. Determine how anesthetics modulate human PT pore opening under I/R stress in intact human ventricular cardiomyocytes derived from N-iPSCs and DM-iPSCs. In summary, the goal of this proposal is to utilize the in vitro differentiation of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells into cardiac lineage to delineate the genetic vs. environmental mechanisms responsible for the lack of efficacy of APC in diabetes. Our preliminary data indicate that the cardiomyocytes derived from iPSCs from normal and diabetic patients exhibit functional, structural, and molecular properties of early-stage human myocytes. These studies will provide novel mechanistic information on the roles of diabetes and hyperglycemia in modulating anesthetic-induced cardioprotection through changes in mitochondrial function, protein phosphorylation, altered ROS formation, and KATP channel activity. Completion of the specific aims will elucidate the novel role of mitochondria to modulate APC during diabetes and in the long run, may suggest new therapeutic targets for perioperative intervention.

Public Health Relevance

The cause of greater cardiac susceptibility to stress in diabetic patients remains unknown. For the first time we are able to make human disease-specific cardiac cells derived from their pluripotent cells. Hence, we can now assess separately the role of genes and environmental factors that are responsible for greater cardiac sensitivity in patients with diabetes. Defects observed during our study may then be targeted via various therapies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL034708-25
Application #
8290221
Study Section
Surgery, Anesthesiology and Trauma Study Section (SAT)
Program Officer
Schwartz, Lisa
Project Start
1995-12-01
Project End
2014-05-31
Budget Start
2012-06-01
Budget End
2013-05-31
Support Year
25
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$376,200
Indirect Cost
$128,700
Name
Medical College of Wisconsin
Department
Anesthesiology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
937639060
City
Milwaukee
State
WI
Country
United States
Zip Code
53226
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Sedlic, Filip; Muravyeva, Maria Y; Sepac, Ana et al. (2017) Targeted Modification of Mitochondrial ROS Production Converts High Glucose-Induced Cytotoxicity to Cytoprotection: Effects on Anesthetic Preconditioning. J Cell Physiol 232:216-24
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Kikuchi, Chika; Bienengraeber, Martin; Canfield, Scott et al. (2015) Comparison of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation Potential Between Type 1 Diabetic Donor- and Nondiabetic Donor-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Cell Transplant 24:2491-504
Twaroski, Danielle M; Yan, Yasheng; Zaja, Ivan et al. (2015) Altered Mitochondrial Dynamics Contributes to Propofol-induced Cell Death in Human Stem Cell-derived Neurons. Anesthesiology 123:1067-83
Olson, Jessica M; Yan, Yasheng; Bai, Xiaowen et al. (2015) Up-regulation of microRNA-21 mediates isoflurane-induced protection of cardiomyocytes. Anesthesiology 122:795-805
Zaja, Ivan; Bai, Xiaowen; Liu, Yanan et al. (2014) Cdk1, PKC? and calcineurin-mediated Drp1 pathway contributes to mitochondrial fission-induced cardiomyocyte death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 453:710-21

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