Cardiovascular disease is still the number one cause of death in the United States and risk factor reduction in primary care settings remains a critical challenge. Recently, we showed that a personalized health planning approach that incorporates mind-body techniques, such as mindfulness, significantly reduced the Framingham Risk score in primary care patients who exhibited one or more traditional cardiovascular risk factors. It is now critical that this intervention be extended to target reduction in psychological, metabolic and inflammatory factors that in prospective studies have been shown to predict new cases of coronary heart disease (CHD). The proposed Phase III randomized controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of a 6-month Mindfulness-Based Personalized Health Plan (MB-PHP) in reducing (a) the combination of psychological risk factor (PRF) of severity of depressive symptoms, hostility and anger shown to predict 20-year incidence of CHD and (b) insulin resistance (IR). We will also examine whether reductions in psychological risk factors and insulin resistance contribute to a reduction in inflammation in the circulation and at the cellular/molecular level via attenuation of stress-induced cardiovascular and adrenergic responses and arousal of negative affect, both shown to predict inflammatory cellular markers. The MB-PHP will use mindfulness training to promote reduction in psychological risk factors and stress-induced arousal of negative affect while supporting PHP-targeted improvements in diet and exercise that will contribute to reduction in insulin resistance. The Anger Recall Interview (ARI) will be used prior to and at the completion of the intervention to assess stress-induced changes in cardiovascular and adrenergic responses as well as arousal of negative affect. Initial clinic screening of 2200 will identify 550 primary care patients who meet entry criteria for elevated psychological risk factor score (>.6). Of the 550 patients we will identify 220 who also exhibiting insulin resistance (>1.96) as calculated by the Homeostasis Assessment model. Subjects will be randomized to either MB-PHP or attention support control. We hypothesize that, relative to the attention support group, the subjects in the MB-PHP will show (a) greater decreases in PRF and IR;(b) greater reduction in stress-induced arousal of negative affect to the ARI;(c) greater pre- to post-treatment decreases in cardiovascular and adrenergic responses to the ARI and (d) Treatment-related reductions in arousal of negative affect and cardiovascular and adrenergic responses to the ARI, alone and in combination with treatment-related changes in PRF and IR, will predict pre- to post-treatment decreases in circulating levels of plasma interleukin (IL)-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as attenuated stress-induced changes in in vitro cellular adhesion molecules (CD11/CD18) expression, stimulated production of proinflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and changes in vivo IL-6 and CRP.

Public Health Relevance

Cardiovascular disease is still the number one cause of death in the United States and risk factor reduction in primary care settings remains a critical challenge. The clinical relevance of the proposed intervention is in concomitantly targeting of psychological factors and insulin resistance that are likely to reduce inflammation and thus decrease the risk of future cardiovascular disease in asymptomatic, yet at risk, primary care patients.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HL067459-09
Application #
8443880
Study Section
Biobehavioral Mechanisms of Emotion, Stress and Health Study Section (MESH)
Program Officer
Stoney, Catherine
Project Start
2009-09-01
Project End
2015-02-28
Budget Start
2013-03-01
Budget End
2014-02-28
Support Year
9
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$713,358
Indirect Cost
$256,077
Name
Duke University
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
044387793
City
Durham
State
NC
Country
United States
Zip Code
27705
Suarez, Edward C; Sundy, John S (2017) The cortisol:C-reactive protein ratio and negative affect reactivity in depressed adults. Health Psychol 36:852-862
Suarez, Edward C; Beckham, Jean C; Green, Kimberly T (2017) The Relation of Light-to-Moderate Alcohol Consumption to Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Adults: the Moderating Effects of Depressive Symptom Severity, Adiposity, and Sex. Int J Behav Med 24:927-936
Suarez, Edward C; Sundy, John S; Erkanli, Alaattin (2015) Depressogenic vulnerability and gender-specific patterns of neuro-immune dysregulation: What the ratio of cortisol to C-reactive protein can tell us about loss of normal regulatory control. Brain Behav Immun 44:137-47
Suarez, Edward C; Schramm-Sapyta, Nicole L (2014) Race differences in the relation of vitamins A, C, E, and ?-carotene to metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. Nutr Res 34:1-10
Suarez, Edward C; Schramm-Sapyta, Nicole L; Vann Hawkins, Tracey et al. (2013) Depression inhibits the anti-inflammatory effects of leisure time physical activity and light to moderate alcohol consumption. Brain Behav Immun 32:144-52
Darnall, Beth D; Suarez, Edward C (2009) Sex and gender in psychoneuroimmunology research: past, present and future. Brain Behav Immun 23:595-604
Greeson, Jeffrey M; Lewis, James G; Achanzar, Karen et al. (2009) Stress-induced changes in the expression of monocytic beta2-integrins: the impact of arousal of negative affect and adrenergic responses to the Anger Recall Interview. Brain Behav Immun 23:251-6
Suarez, Edward C (2008) Self-reported symptoms of sleep disturbance and inflammation, coagulation, insulin resistance and psychosocial distress: evidence for gender disparity. Brain Behav Immun 22:960-8
Boyle, Stephen H; Jackson, William G; Suarez, Edward C (2007) Hostility, anger, and depression predict increases in C3 over a 10-year period. Brain Behav Immun 21:816-23
Boyle, Stephen H; Michalek, Joel E; Suarez, Edward C (2006) Covariation of psychological attributes and incident coronary heart disease in U.S. Air Force veterans of the Vietnam war. Psychosom Med 68:844-50

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