: The policy relevance of this work is critical. Without evidence of effectiveness, multidisciplinary inpatient rehabilitation access will likely be curtailed or eliminated to the detriment of people with potentially reducible functional limitations and disabilities related to stroke. Changes in both Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Medicare policies are shifting care away from high level inpatient multidisciplinary rehabilitation services without empirical evidence either supporting or not supporting lower levels of service. There are few, if any, sources of standardized data in the private sector available to address the benefits of alternative levels of rehabilitation. Data from the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) will be applied to gain insights about optimal disability management strategies for Medicare and Medicaid. We propose to compare 2 different levels of inpatient rehabilitation (acute rehabilitation services received while patients are still hospitalized for stroke). The first level is consultation where patients are seen by rehabilitation professionals while remaining on non-rehabilitation bed services within the hospital. The second level is higher intensity specialized. multidiciplinary rehabilitation services which occur when patients are admitted onto a specialized rehabilitation bed unit within the hospital. Primary outcomes will include functional recovery and home discharge from the acute hospital stay. One-year survival, long-term care placement, rehospitalization, and total health care costs will be secondary outcomes. The study is a retrospective observational comparative effectiveness study using data merged from 14 large administrative databases compiled from 153 VA Medical Centers. Methods will include a series of observational studies on an estimated cohort of over 15,000 stroke patients using propensity score matching and instrumental variable analyses to adjust for selection bias, and mixed models to account for patient clustering within facilities. These methods will be applied to compare the outcomes of veterans who receive consultation rehabilitation, specialized rehabilitation, and no evidence of inpatient rehabilitation. We will identify the types of patients most likely to receive any form of acute rehabilitation, and among that group those most likely to receive specialized rehabilitation. This research is expected to greatly expand the limited body of empirical knowledge of relevance of acute rehabilitation following stroke. Such evidence-based knowledge will be essential to guide future practice and policies in the VHA and private sectors alike.

Public Health Relevance

Knowledge of the comparative effectiveness of different levels of acute inpatient rehabilitation services provided to veterans following stroke can help guide clinical decision-making and policy determinations. If successful, the project will develop, disseminate, and translate evidence about the expected outcomes and costs of alternative levels of acute rehabilitation in the care of persons with stroke-related functional limitations and disabilities. This study of the Veterans Health Administration's approach to the organization of acute rehabilitation will be directed not only to improving the care of veterans, but also to serving the Medicare and Medicaid programs by providing a disability management model for acute post-stroke rehabilitation.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01HS018540-04
Application #
8337636
Study Section
Health Care Quality and Effectiveness Research (HQER)
Program Officer
Nourjah, Parivash
Project Start
2009-09-30
Project End
2014-07-31
Budget Start
2012-08-01
Budget End
2014-07-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Pennsylvania
Department
Biostatistics & Other Math Sci
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
042250712
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Bates, Barbara E; Xie, Dawei; Kwong, Pui L et al. (2015) Development and Validation of Prognostic Indices for Recovery of Physical Functioning Following Stroke: Part 1. PM R 7:685-698
Bates, Barbara E; Xie, Dawei; Kwong, Pui L et al. (2015) Development and Validation of Prognostic Indices for Recovery of Physical Functioning Following Stroke: Part 2. PM R 7:699-710
Ripley, Diane C Cowper; Kwong, Pui L; Vogel, W Bruce et al. (2015) How does geographic access affect in-hospital mortality for veterans with acute ischemic stroke? Med Care 53:501-9
Stineman, Margaret G; Kwong, Pui L; Bates, Barbara E et al. (2014) Development and validation of a discharge planning index for achieving home discharge after hospitalization for acute stroke among those who received rehabilitation services. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 93:217-30
Stineman, Margaret G; Xie, Dawei; Kurichi, Jibby E et al. (2014) Comprehensive versus consultative rehabilitation services postacute stroke: Outcomes differ. J Rehabil Res Dev 51:1143-54
Bates, Barbara E; Xie, Dawei; Kwong, Pui L et al. (2014) One-year all-cause mortality after stroke: a prediction model. PM R 6:473-83
Kurichi, Jibby E; Xie, Dawei; Bates, Barbara E et al. (2014) Factors associated with home discharge among veterans with stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 95:1277-1282.e3
Stineman, Margaret G; Bates, Barbara E; Kurichi, Jibby E et al. (2013) Initial physical grades and cognitive stages after acute stroke: who receives comprehensive rehabilitation services? PM R 5:1007-18
Stineman, Margaret Grace (2011) The clinician's voice of brain and heart: a bio-psycho-ecological framework for merging the biomedical and holistic. Top Stroke Rehabil 18:55-9
Berlowitz, Dan R; Stineman, Margaret (2010) Risk adjustment in rehabilitation quality improvement. Top Stroke Rehabil 17:252-61

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