Novel approaches to monitoring and utilizing adherence to HIV therapy in Africa In this competitive renewal, we propose to use a novel method of real-time wireless adherence monitoring in one of the best established multi-disciplinary HIV antiretroviral treatment cohorts in rural Africa. We will advance our theoretical understanding of HIV antiretroviral adherence behavior, HIV pathogenesis, and we will potentially solve some of the most vexing problems in resource-limited settings, namely the monitoring and prevention of HIV antiretroviral treatment failure. Based on a successful pilot study in rural Uganda and favorable cost-effective estimates, we will deploy the Wisepill real-time wireless adherence monitoring system to objectively monitor adherence in real time. We will determine to what extent social capital mitigates economic barriers to long-term adherence and determine if the pervasive impact of stigma on adherence operates through social capital (Aim 1). We will determine the relationship between missed doses, low-level viremia (between 1 and 50 copies RNA/mL), inflammation, bacterial translocation, suboptimal CD4 response, and mortality (Aim 2). Finally, we will investigate the relationship between complex adherence patterns and viral failure to both inform selective viral load monitoring and to lay the foundation for the first-of-kind intervention to prevent viral failure after missed doses, but before viral rebound (Aim 3). We will secure behavioral and biologic data over nine years of potential treatment by recruiting 500 additional people to our existing cohort in Mbarara, Uganda for a total of 775 participants. This study will continue our 15-year track record of new discoveries in the intersection between HIV treatment adherence behavior and pathogenesis. This research program has launched careers of over 50 domestic and 15 Uganda junior investigators and has generated over 250 publications, including 64 publications in leading journals during the current funding cycle. PHS 398/2590 (Rev. 11/07) Page Continuation Format Page

Public Health Relevance

Novel approaches to monitoring and utilizing adherence to HIV therapy in Africa Real-time wireless adherence monitoring deployed by leading investigators in the biology and behavior of HIV has the potential to generate new insights into antiretroviral adherence behavior, HIV pathogenesis, and therapeutic monitoring. The extent to which we find wireless adherence monitoring effective at detecting impending treatment failure will provide a strong rationale and framework for studies to prevent treatment failure in the US where resources for interventions and costs associated with treatment failure are several times greater. Thus, this study has the potential to transform HIV practice in both resource-limited and resource-rich settings, including the US. PHS 398/2590 (Rev. 11/07) Page Continuation Format Page

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH054907-18
Application #
8251166
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-AARR-F (08))
Program Officer
Stirratt, Michael J
Project Start
1995-07-01
Project End
2015-03-31
Budget Start
2012-04-01
Budget End
2013-03-31
Support Year
18
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$1,162,415
Indirect Cost
$135,402
Name
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
073130411
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02199
Castillo-Mancilla, Jose R; Morrow, Mary; Boum, Yap et al. (2018) Brief Report: Higher ART Adherence Is Associated With Lower Systemic Inflammation in Treatment-Naive Ugandans Who Achieve Virologic Suppression. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 77:507-513
Dunkley, Emma; Ashaba, Scholastic; Burns, Bridget et al. (2018) ""I beg you…breastfeed the baby, things changed"": infant feeding experiences among Ugandan mothers living with HIV in the context of evolving guidelines to prevent postnatal transmission. BMC Public Health 18:188
Mwimanzi, Francis; Toyoda, Mako; Mahiti, Macdonald et al. (2018) Resistance of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class B (MHC-B) to Nef-Mediated Downregulation Relative to that of MHC-A Is Conserved among Primate Lentiviruses and Influences Antiviral T Cell Responses in HIV-1-Infected Individuals. J Virol 92:
Muiru, Anthony N; Bibangambah, Prossy; Hemphill, Linda et al. (2018) Distribution and Performance of Cardiovascular Risk Scores in a Mixed Population of HIV-Infected and Community-Based HIV-Uninfected Individuals in Uganda. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 78:458-464
Lee, Guinevere Q; Bangsberg, David R; Mo, Theresa et al. (2017) Prevalence and clinical impacts of HIV-1 intersubtype recombinants in Uganda revealed by near-full-genome population and deep sequencing approaches. AIDS 31:2345-2354
McCluskey, Suzanne M; Boum 2nd, Yap; Musinguzi, Nicholas et al. (2017) Brief Report: Appraising Viral Load Thresholds and Adherence Support Recommendations in the World Health Organization Guidelines for Detection and Management of Virologic Failure. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 76:183-187
North, Crystal M; Valeri, Linda; Hunt, Peter W et al. (2017) Cooking fuel and respiratory symptoms among people living with HIV in rural Uganda. ERJ Open Res 3:
Lee, Guinevere Q; McCluskey, Suzanne; Boum 2nd, Yap et al. (2017) Brief Report: Should Abacavir Be a First-Line Alternative for Adults With HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa? J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 76:188-192
Haberer, Jessica E; Musinguzi, Nicholas; Tsai, Alexander C et al. (2017) Real-time electronic adherence monitoring plus follow-up improves adherence compared with standard electronic adherence monitoring. AIDS 31:169-171
Musinguzi, Nicholas; Mocello, Rain A; Boum 2nd, Yap et al. (2017) Duration of Viral Suppression and Risk of Rebound Viremia with First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural Uganda. AIDS Behav 21:1735-1740

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