Visual mental imagery is used in memory, reasoning, and learning. A deeper understanding of the nature of imagery has practical implications for the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of neuropsychological conditions. The general goal of this research is to conduct functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) studies to investigate the representations and processes that underlie visual mental imagery. FMRI will be used to identify the neural structures that underlie different aspects of visual imagery, and TMS will be used to investigate the causal role of specific activated areas in task performance. The specific goals are to perform six studies addressing the following issues: (1) Do differences in the orientation of imaged objects map directly onto differences in the pattern of activation in Area V1, and is the pattern of activation sufficient to identify the orientation at which an image was formed? (2) Is V1 more likely to be activated when participants must use high resolution to examine details of imaged objects? (3) Is V1 activated during tasks that require visualizing shape but not during tasks that rely on visualizing locations or spatial relations? (4) The mechanisms underlying image maintenance over time have received virtually no attention in the literature. We directly compare the mechanisms involved in generating an image and maintaining it over time, and examine the effects of stimulus complexity on the two functions. (5) We also study how images of locations or spatial relations are maintained, and we compare the processes underlying such image maintenance with those underlying """"""""spatial working memory."""""""" (6) Finally, we directly compare the brain areas that are activated during imagery for shapes, imagery for locations, and image rotation. Mental rotation is often considered a """"""""spatial task,"""""""" but we hypothesize that it also draws on mechanisms that specify shape. We not only compare these tasks with respect to a baseline, but also compare the brain areas in which variations in activation predict variations in performance on each task.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01MH060734-05A1
Application #
6827135
Study Section
Cognition and Perception Study Section (CP)
Program Officer
Anderson, Kathleen C
Project Start
2000-01-06
Project End
2008-07-31
Budget Start
2004-09-06
Budget End
2005-07-31
Support Year
5
Fiscal Year
2004
Total Cost
$343,537
Indirect Cost
Name
Harvard University
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
082359691
City
Cambridge
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02138
van der Ham, Ineke J M; Borst, Gregoire (2011) The nature of categorical and coordinate spatial relation processing: An interference study. J Cogn Psychol (Hove) 23:922-930
Lewis, Katie J S; Borst, Grégoire; Kosslyn, Stephen M (2011) Integrating visual mental images and visual percepts: new evidence for depictive representations. Psychol Res 75:259-71
van der Ham, Ineke J M; Borst, Gregoire (2011) Individual differences in spatial relation processing: effects of strategy, ability, and gender. Brain Cogn 76:184-90
Borst, Gregoire; Kosslyn, Stephen M (2010) Fear selectively modulates visual mental imagery and visual perception. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 63:833-9
Borst, Gregoire; Kosslyn, Stephen M (2010) Varying the scope of attention alters the encoding of categorical and coordinate spatial relations. Neuropsychologia 48:2769-72
Moulton, Samuel T; Kosslyn, Stephen M (2009) Imagining predictions: mental imagery as mental emulation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 364:1273-80
Radley, Jason J; Rocher, Anne B; Rodriguez, Alfredo et al. (2008) Repeated stress alters dendritic spine morphology in the rat medial prefrontal cortex. J Comp Neurol 507:1141-50
Thompson, William L; Kosslyn, Stephen M; Hoffman, Michael S et al. (2008) Inspecting visual mental images: can people ""see"" implicit properties as easily in imagery and perception? Mem Cognit 36:1024-32
Demirtas-Tatlidede, Asli; Mechanic-Hamilton, Dawn; Press, Daniel Z et al. (2008) An open-label, prospective study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the long-term treatment of refractory depression: reproducibility and duration of the antidepressant effect in medication-free patients. J Clin Psychiatry 69:930-4
Borst, Gregoire; Kosslyn, Stephen M (2008) Visual mental imagery and visual perception: structural equivalence revealed by scanning processes. Mem Cognit 36:849-62

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