Overview. This is a proposal for a randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in patients with type 2 diabetes. It is modeled after our successful program of NIH-funded research targeting health behaviors in individuals with HIV and comorbid depression. This is a logical extension of our work in HIV that will support an evidence-based psychosocial intervention approach for individuals with depression and comorbid health conditions. Background: The prevalence of depression in individuals with chronic health conditions is higher than general population estimates, and is associated with increased mortality (Cujipers &Schoevers, 2004). The present study targets individuals with depression and type 2 diabetes because of the difficulty these patients have with treatment adherence and the vast importance of adherence for treatment outcomes. As in other chronic illnesses, in type 2 diabetes, depression is associated with worse treatment adherence, poorer disease outcomes, more severe functional impairment, and increased mortality (Lustman, et al., 2000;Lin, et al., 2004;Ciechanowski, et al., 2003;Egede, 2004;Katon et al., 2005). Our intervention integrates cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), the most widely studied and efficacious psychosocial intervention for depression, with behavioral strategies for health behavior change. CBT has been shown to be successful in treating symptoms of depression among patients with type 2 diabetes (e.g., Lustman, et al., 1998). However, integrating CBT for depression with behavioral strategies for health behavior change has not been widely studied. Our program of research in HIV suggests that integrating CBT for adherence with CBT for depression (CBT-AD) is a successful in improving both of these problems in individuals with HIV and there is strong evidence CBT-AD would also be successful in type 2 diabetes. Conceptual Model: Symptoms and sequelae of depression (e.g., poor concentration, low motivation, decreased interest, sad mood, increased feelings of guilt and worthlessness, and suicidal ideation) can interfere with important behaviors necessary to manage a health regimen. We hypothesize that, for individuals with a unipolar depressive mood disorder, a psychological intervention that targets health behaviors (i.e., treatment adherence) integrated with coping skills for depression, is needed to improve psychiatric, quality of life, self-care, and medical outcomes relative to diabetes education and adherence training alone. Overview of Research Plan. Patients with depression and poor type 2 diabetes control (hemoglobin A1C >7.5%) will be randomized to treatment with either: (1) CBT-AD, a integrated treatment of CBT for depression and adherence, including our single-session intervention for medical adherence (adapted from HIV) or (2) enhanced treatment as usual plus the single session adherence intervention. Both groups-will receive diabetes education from a dietitian and a diabetes nurse educator.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
5R01MH078571-04
Application #
7656591
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZMH1-ERB-B (03))
Program Officer
Azrin, Susan
Project Start
2006-07-14
Project End
2011-06-30
Budget Start
2009-07-01
Budget End
2010-06-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2009
Total Cost
$407,856
Indirect Cost
Name
Massachusetts General Hospital
Department
Type
DUNS #
073130411
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02199
Gonzalez, Jeffrey S; Shreck, Erica; Psaros, Christina et al. (2015) Distress and type 2 diabetes-treatment adherence: A mediating role for perceived control. Health Psychol 34:505-13
Carper, Matthew M; Traeger, Lara; Gonzalez, Jeffrey S et al. (2014) The differential associations of depression and diabetes distress with quality of life domains in type 2 diabetes. J Behav Med 37:501-10
Safren, Steven A; Gonzalez, Jeffrey S; Wexler, Deborah J et al. (2014) A randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 37:625-33
Gonzalez, Jeffrey S; Schneider, Havah E; Wexler, Deborah J et al. (2013) Validity of medication adherence self-reports in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 36:831-7
Markowitz, Sarah M; Gonzalez, Jeffrey S; Wilkinson, Jesse L et al. (2011) A review of treating depression in diabetes: emerging findings. Psychosomatics 52:1-18
Gonzalez, Jeffrey S; McCarl, Lauren A; Wexler D, Deborah D et al. (2010) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Adherence and Depression (CBT-AD) in Type 2 Diabetes. J Cogn Psychother 24:329-343
Gonzalez, Jeffrey S; Peyrot, Mark; McCarl, Lauren A et al. (2008) Depression and diabetes treatment nonadherence: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 31:2398-403
Gonzalez, J S; Delahanty, L M; Safren, S A et al. (2008) Differentiating symptoms of depression from diabetes-specific distress: relationships with self-care in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 51:1822-5
Gonzalez, J S; Safren, S A; Delahanty, L M et al. (2008) Symptoms of depression prospectively predict poorer self-care in patients with Type 2 diabetes. Diabet Med 25:1102-7
Gonzalez, Jeffrey S; Safren, Steven A; Cagliero, Enrico et al. (2007) Depression, self-care, and medication adherence in type 2 diabetes: relationships across the full range of symptom severity. Diabetes Care 30:2222-7