Schizophrenia is a common, severe, highly heritable psychotic disorder for which biological insights and etiological knowledge-based treatments have yet to be achieved. The vast majority of patients suffering from schizophrenia remains ill after the initial episode, suffering from chronic and severely incapacitating symptoms, and are unable to work. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been successful in uncovering individual common susceptibility loci reproducibly associated with schizophrenia. However, identifying the underlying causal variants, risk genes, and etiological gene networks have proven difficult for schizophrenia, like for most other complex disorders. It is likely that many risk variants in these loci are regulatory in nature. Here, we propose to fill the gap in our biological understanding of schizophrenia etiology through an integrative genomics approach based on SNP genotype and RNAseq data from a large collection of lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from the Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia case-control sample, which includes rich demographic and psychiatric information. Expression signatures will be generated at baseline and after a perturbation with dopamine, predicated on the hypothesis that cell perturbation using this pharmacologically relevant agent will reveal etiologically relevant genes which are undetectable in the unperturbed (baseline) state. We present evidence of two supporting facts: (1) Signals from expression analysis of LCLs and GWAS results converge at the major histocompatibility complex region on chromosome 6. (2) Dopamine stimulation strongly regulates the expression of many genes located in genome-wide significant GWAS loci, and in copy number variants associated with schizophrenia. Our study will capitalize on an ongoing experiment (RC2MH90030) of unstimulated (baseline) genome-wide expression profiles of LCLs from the same sample. We will identify dopamine-responsive transcripts associated with schizophrenia, analyze the underlying regulatory DNA variants (i.e., expression quantitative trait nucleotides, eQTNs), and assess the association of eQTNs with schizophrenia. We will then perform validation testing of LCL findings in neural tissues, and will functionally characterize a set of most important eQTNs. The proposed study is expected to identify new loci influencing schizophrenia risk, reveal the causal genes in already identified GWAS loci, and shed light on the underlying etiological mechanisms by establishing a connection to the mechanisms of action of antipsychotics, spearheading clinical applications in the field for diagnostic classification and treatment.

Public Health Relevance

Schizophrenia is a disorder with largely unknown biology, and is also resilient to treatment. This project will identify gene expression characteristics associated with schizophrenia in a simple pharmacological cell model from a large sample of cases and controls. The knowledge gathered from our proposed study will yield light into the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, and may offer novel leads to new or improved knowledge-based treatment strategies.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01MH094116-01A1
Application #
8206368
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-PSE-K (03))
Program Officer
Koester, Susan E
Project Start
2011-07-21
Project End
2016-04-30
Budget Start
2011-07-21
Budget End
2012-04-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$179,100
Indirect Cost
Name
Texas Biomedical Research Institute
Department
Type
DUNS #
007936834
City
San Antonio
State
TX
Country
United States
Zip Code
78245
Kos, Mark Z; Duan, Jubao; Sanders, Alan R et al. (2018) Dopamine perturbation of gene co-expression networks reveals differential response in schizophrenia for translational machinery. Transl Psychiatry 8:278
Duan, Jubao; Göring, Harald H H; Sanders, Alan R et al. (2018) Transcriptomic signatures of schizophrenia revealed by dopamine perturbation in an ex vivo model. Transl Psychiatry 8:158
Sanders, A R; Drigalenko, E I; Duan, J et al. (2017) Transcriptome sequencing study implicates immune-related genes differentially expressed in schizophrenia: new data and a meta-analysis. Transl Psychiatry 7:e1093
Blackburn, August; Almeida, Marcio; Dean, Angela et al. (2015) Effects of copy number variable regions on local gene expression in white blood cells of Mexican Americans. Eur J Hum Genet 23:1229-35
Duan, Jubao; Sanders, Alan R; Moy, Winton et al. (2015) Transcriptome outlier analysis implicates schizophrenia susceptibility genes and enriches putatively functional rare genetic variants. Hum Mol Genet 24:4674-85
Rees, E; Kirov, G; Sanders, A et al. (2014) Evidence that duplications of 22q11.2 protect against schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 19:37-40