The purpose of this study are to determine the prevalence of CV risk factors in rural and urban children aged 8-10, and to compare the effectiveness of three interventions to reduce the prevalence of CV risk factors in those children. Although studies have tested school-based health education programs, few have compared the effects of (1) a large scale informational program provided for all students with the effects of (2) an individualized program provided by nurses to children with identified risks for CV disease, and (3) a control, the provision of written information only. No previous studies have compared the prevalence of risk factors and effects of intervention in rural and urban settings. This study has four phases. Prior to data collection, personnel will be recruited and trained, and final arrangements will be made with individual schools and teachers for data collection and the group intervention. In PHASE ONE baseline data will be collected to determine the prevalence of CV risk factors in a sample of 1640 children in grades 3-5 in nine rural and nine urban schools. Variables to be measured will include health status factors (cholesterol, BP, weight/height index, and activity tolerance), behavioral factors (eating, smoking and activity habits), family factors (family history of CV disease, socioeconomic status, and parental risk factors), and child developmental and psychological characteristics (age, gender, race, rural/urban, health knowledge, health locus of control). In PHASE TWO the interventions will be implemented. Each school will be randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups. Intervention One will be classroom instruction for all the subjects; teaching will be done by the teachers using modules provided by the researchers. Intervention Two will be individual and small group instructions provided by nurses for the children who have been identified as at risk for CV disease, and their parents. The Control will consist of provision of results of the baseline screening and a very brief explanation of the implications. While this information will be given to all the subjects in the study, it will be the only information given to these children. PHASE THREE, which will take place two months after the interventions, will measure the short term effects of the interventions. The variables will be the same, as in the baseline data collection. PHASE FOUR, which will take place one year after Phase Three, will measure the longer term effects, using the same variables. The results of this study will contribute to the growing body of knowledge of CV risk factors in children and will assist in deliniating the role of nurses and nursing in implementing individualized and population-based CV risk factor intervention for school-aged children.
| Ahn, Bumsoo; McMurray, Robert; Harrell, Joanne (2013) Scaling of VO2max and its relationship with insulin resistance in children. Pediatr Exerc Sci 25:43-51 |
| Hosick, Peter; McMurray, Robert; Hackney, A C et al. (2013) Resting IL-6 and TNF-? level in children of different weight and fitness status. Pediatr Exerc Sci 25:238-47 |
| Hosick, Peter A; McMurray, Robert G; Hackney, A C et al. (2012) Differences in the GH-IGF-I axis in children of different weight and fitness status. Growth Horm IGF Res 22:87-91 |
| McMurray, Robert G; Hosick, Peter A; Bugge, Anna (2011) Importance of proper scaling of aerobic power when relating to cardiometabolic risk factors in children. Ann Hum Biol 38:647-54 |
| Bingham, Mona O; Harrell, Joanne S; Takada, Haruko et al. (2009) Obesity and cholesterol in Japanese, French, and U.S. children. J Pediatr Nurs 24:314-22 |
| Rubin, Daniela A; McMurray, Robert G; Harrell, Joanne S et al. (2008) The association between insulin resistance and cytokines in adolescents: the role of weight status and exercise. Metabolism 57:683-90 |
| McMurray, Robert G; Harrell, Joanne S; Creighton, Dana et al. (2008) Influence of physical activity on change in weight status as children become adolescents. Int J Pediatr Obes 3:69-77 |
| Rubin, Daniela A; McMurray, Robert G; Harrell, Joanne S et al. (2008) Do surrogate markers for adiposity relate to cytokines in adolescents? J Investig Med 56:786-92 |
| Ondrak, Kristin S; McMurray, Robert G; Bangdiwala, Shrikant I et al. (2007) Influence of aerobic power and percent body fat on cardiovascular disease risk in youth. J Adolesc Health 41:146-52 |
| Appel, Susan J; Harrell, Joanne S; Davenport, Marsha L (2005) Central obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in young adults. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 17:535-41 |
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