The long-term goals of my research are (1) to understand how cortical networks flexibly compute actions from sensory and cognitive signals and (2) to use this knowledge to develop brain computer interfaces (BCIs) that restore the ability to perform useful actions to humans with paralysis. The specific objective of this project is to determine how interconnected networks of neurons in the premotor and motor cortex compute reach and grasp actions from different types of signals. Dorsal premotor (PMd) and ventral premotor (PMv) areas of frontal cortex appear to represent separate processing streams that converge on primary motor cortex (MI) where reach and grasp are unified. This interacting circuit appears to generate commands for actions by dynamically linking various cues to specific arm and hand actions, but studies conflict on the nature of the signals processed, the types of sensorimotor transforms performed, or their roles in arm and hand movement. The present study introduces several new approaches to understand how the collective dynamics of these cortical networks provide a flexible substrate to link different signals and actions. Chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays implanted in PMv, PMd and MI and full upper limb motion capture will be used to simultaneously record neuronal spiking (192 channels) and measure the actions of the arm, wrist and fingers while monkeys perform tasks in different contexts. Context will be varied by training monkeys to perform four tasks that differ in the signals used for to guide arm actions: (1) using ongoing sensory feedback to capture a swinging object, (2) planning different grasp types from visual cues, (3) planning different goals for reach (either point or grasp), (3) making a perceptual judgments to determine grasp-type. Context-dependent changes will be measured in single cell responses and population representation (SA1) and in network functional connectivity (SA2) in PMv, PMd and MI simultaneously recorded for each task. Recording two or more contexts within single sessions will allow direct comparison of the same ensembles to determine how context modifies coding in single neurons, how population models generalize across contexts, and how networks combine various signals to achieve coordinated reach and grasp. We will address the hypothesis that PMv and PMd form separate information processing channels by comparing neural coding features and context sensitivity between areas. Finally, SA3 will test the requirement for specific sensorimotor computations by disrupting processing in these networks using emerging, highly-selective optogenetic methods or electrical stimulation. These studies will reveal mechanisms by which cortical circuits perform sensorimotor transformations and flexibly link groups of neurons to generate voluntary behavior. In addition, they will help to determine whether signals available in premotor areas, as well as MI, can provide useful sources for BCI command signals. Such signals could allow people with paralysis to regain complex functions like reach and grasp through robotic limbs that could operate usefully across a range of contexts.

Public Health Relevance

This project examines how the brain computes movements from a range of sensory and cognitive signals. It specifically seeks to understand how interacting networks of neurons can flexibly link different types of information to commands used for voluntary reaching and grasping movements. Beyond revealing how the brain computes, the information from this project is also important to identify the best sources of brain signals for brain computer interfaces, which are technologies that can help those with paralysis regain independence and control.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
2R01NS025074-23
Application #
8237955
Study Section
Sensorimotor Integration Study Section (SMI)
Program Officer
Chen, Daofen
Project Start
1987-07-01
Project End
2017-06-30
Budget Start
2012-07-01
Budget End
2013-06-30
Support Year
23
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$532,572
Indirect Cost
$191,150
Name
Brown University
Department
Neurosciences
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
001785542
City
Providence
State
RI
Country
United States
Zip Code
02912
Milekovic, Tomislav; Sarma, Anish A; Bacher, Daniel et al. (2018) Stable long-term BCI-enabled communication in ALS and locked-in syndrome using LFP signals. J Neurophysiol 120:343-360
Accomando, Alyssa W; Vargas-Irwin, Carlos E; Simmons, James A (2018) Spike Train Similarity Space (SSIMS) Method Detects Effects of Obstacle Proximity and Experience on Temporal Patterning of Bat Biosonar. Front Behav Neurosci 12:13
Rule, Michael E; Vargas-Irwin, Carlos; Donoghue, John P et al. (2018) Phase reorganization leads to transient ?-LFP spatial wave patterns in motor cortex during steady-state movement preparation. J Neurophysiol 119:2212-2228
Rule, Michael E; Vargas-Irwin, Carlos E; Donoghue, John P et al. (2017) Dissociation between sustained single-neuron spiking and transient ?-LFP oscillations in primate motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 117:1524-1543
Aghagolzadeh, Mehdi; Truccolo, Wilson (2016) Inference and Decoding of Motor Cortex Low-Dimensional Dynamics via Latent State-Space Models. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 24:272-82
Barrese, James C; Aceros, Juan; Donoghue, John P (2016) Scanning electron microscopy of chronically implanted intracortical microelectrode arrays in non-human primates. J Neural Eng 13:026003
Lu, Yao; Truccolo, Wilson; Wagner, Fabien B et al. (2015) Optogenetically induced spatiotemporal gamma oscillations and neuronal spiking activity in primate motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 113:3574-87
Rule, Michael E; Vargas-Irwin, Carlos; Donoghue, John P et al. (2015) Contribution of LFP dynamics to single-neuron spiking variability in motor cortex during movement execution. Front Syst Neurosci 9:89
Vargas-Irwin, Carlos E; Brandman, David M; Zimmermann, Jonas B et al. (2015) Spike train SIMilarity Space (SSIMS): a framework for single neuron and ensemble data analysis. Neural Comput 27:1-31
Vargas-Irwin, Carlos E; Franquemont, Lachlan; Black, Michael J et al. (2015) Linking Objects to Actions: Encoding of Target Object and Grasping Strategy in Primate Ventral Premotor Cortex. J Neurosci 35:10888-97

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