Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a devastating seizure disorder that is difficult to control with anticonvulsant drugs, often develops following an initia insult to the CNS. In order to better understand the process of epileptogenesis and to develop innovative therapeutic approaches for the management of TLE, animal models have been developed that exhibit some of the hallmarks of this seizure disorder: a period of status epilepticus (SE) which serves as the initial insult to the CNS, a variable latent period during which seizures do not occur, and the eventual development of recurrent, spontaneous seizures of temporal lobe origin. Recently we used the kainic acid (KA) model of TLE to investigate 'reactive'astrocytes in the hippocampus (HC), a brain region known to be involved in seizure generation. There is a significant increase in gap junction coupling between astrocytes following KA-induced status epilepticus (SE). Therefore, the astrocytic network architecture is altered in brain regions associated with seizure generation. We also discovered that astrocytes express kainate receptor (KAR) subunits following SE and hypothesize that activation of KARs can result in calcium (Ca2+) transients that induce the release of signaling molecules that modulate neuronal activity in the HC. The present application will use targeted path scanning 2-photon microscopy (TPS) to simultaneously evaluate rapid Ca2+ transients in large networks of astrocytes in brain slices obtained from animals treated with KA to induce SE. We employ in utero electroporation to target a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicating protein (Lck- GCaMP3) to the rat HC so that we can use brain slices obtained from adult animals to determine 1) if activation of KARs induces somatic Ca2+ signaling in networks of reactive astrocytes in the HC and 2) if KAR- induced and/or other agonist-induced Ca2+ signaling in the fine processes of reactive astrocytes induces the release of signaling molecules that directly influence network activity in HC brain slices obtained from KA- treated rats during both the latent period and chronic epilepsy. Finally, we will use electron microscopy to determine if there are ultrastructura changes in KAR expression, gap junction coupling, and dendritic ensheathment in the astrocyte compartment of the tripartite synapse of the CA1 and CA3 regions of the HC following KA-induced SE. The combined use of TPS with the stable expression of Lck-GCaMP3 in cells of the HC is a technical achievement that will contribute to our understanding of the functional role of KAR expression in astrocytes following status epilepticus (SE), both in the latent period and in chronic epilepsy. The proposed experiments will also determine how pathologic glial/neuronal interactions, both structural and functional, influence circuit activity during the development and persistence of epilepsy. Finally it is anticipated that the proposed experiments will lead to the identification of novel molecular targets for innovative therapeutic approaches for the treatment, prevention, and/or cure of this devastating seizure disorder.

Public Health Relevance

Temporal lobe epilepsy is a seizure disorder with devastating effects, particularly in the large number of patients for whom current treatments are ineffective. The purpose of the proposed work is to use ground- breaking imaging technology coupled with genetically encoded calcium indicating proteins to study this disease in interacting networks of both nerve cells and glial metabolic support cells. A likely outcome of the proposed work will be entirely new ways to assess potential pharmacological therapies for epilepsy.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01NS078331-01A1
Application #
8439602
Study Section
Clinical Neuroplasticity and Neurotransmitters Study Section (CNNT)
Program Officer
Whittemore, Vicky R
Project Start
2012-09-30
Project End
2017-06-30
Budget Start
2012-09-30
Budget End
2013-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2012
Total Cost
$368,805
Indirect Cost
$122,059
Name
University of Utah
Department
Pharmacology
Type
Schools of Pharmacy
DUNS #
009095365
City
Salt Lake City
State
UT
Country
United States
Zip Code
84112
Taheri, Marsa; Handy, Gregory; Borisyuk, Alla et al. (2017) Diversity of Evoked Astrocyte Ca2+ Dynamics Quantified through Experimental Measurements and Mathematical Modeling. Front Syst Neurosci 11:79
Handy, Gregory; Taheri, Marsa; White, John A et al. (2017) Mathematical investigation of IP3-dependent calcium dynamics in astrocytes. J Comput Neurosci 42:257-273
Umpierre, Anthony D; Bennett, Isaiah V; Nebeker, Lismore D et al. (2016) Repeated low-dose kainate administration in C57BL/6J mice produces temporal lobe epilepsy pathology but infrequent spontaneous seizures. Exp Neurol 279:116-126
Gee, J Michael; Gibbons, Meredith B; Taheri, Marsa et al. (2015) Imaging activity in astrocytes and neurons with genetically encoded calcium indicators following in utero electroporation. Front Mol Neurosci 8:10
Wilcox, Karen S; Gee, James M; Gibbons, Meredith B et al. (2015) Altered structure and function of astrocytes following status epilepticus. Epilepsy Behav 49:17-9
Wilcox, Karen S; Vezzani, Annamaria (2014) Does brain inflammation mediate pathological outcomes in epilepsy? Adv Exp Med Biol 813:169-83
Bauer, Jennifer A; Lambert, Katherine M; White, John A (2014) The past, present, and future of real-time control in cellular electrophysiology. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 61:1448-56
Gee, J Michael; Smith, Nathan A; Fernandez, Fernando R et al. (2014) Imaging activity in neurons and glia with a Polr2a-based and cre-dependent GCaMP5G-IRES-tdTomato reporter mouse. Neuron 83:1058-72
Simonato, Michele; Brooks-Kayal, Amy R; Engel Jr, Jerome et al. (2014) The challenge and promise of anti-epileptic therapy development in animal models. Lancet Neurol 13:949-60
Wilcox, Karen S; Dixon-Salazar, Tracy; Sills, Graeme J et al. (2013) Issues related to development of new antiseizure treatments. Epilepsia 54 Suppl 4:24-34

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