The motor dysfunction of Parkinson's disease is usually described as the result of changes in the activity of basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. However, recent research has shown that the heterogeneous family of thalamostriatal projections may also be strongly affected by the disease, and that these changes may contribute to the development of parkinsonian signs and symptoms. The most substantial thalamostriatal projection comes from the caudal intralaminar nuclei in the thalamus (the centromedian and parafascicular nuclei [CM/Pf]). The CM/Pf-striatal projection gives rise to clusters of axon terminals that target preferentially dendritic shafts of striatal projection neuros, as well as cholinergic interneurons. This projection may be prominently involved in the processing of reward information and in the regulation of vigilance and attention. Another major source of thalamostriatal fibers are the 'basal ganglia receiving'ventral anterior (VA) and ventrolateral (VL) nuclei. Neurons in these nuclei send long un-branched axons to the striatum, with many en passant-type varicosities. The impact of the VL-striatal projections on striatal function is unknown. Postmortem analysis of brain tissue from parkinsonian patients has demonstrated that the source nuclei of the thalamostriatal projection and the organization of their synapses in the striatum are strongly affected by the neurodegenerative process. Neurons in the CM/Pf are particularly affected, with degeneration of more than 50% of neurons early in the course of the disease. We have demonstrated that these aspects of neuron loss are faithfully replicated in MPTP-treated (parkinsonian) monkeys, along with a corresponding decrease in thalamostriatal terminals. In addition, there are extensive changes in the morphology and density of dendritic spines in the striatum, which are the primary recipients of VL input. The functional impact of these changes on striatal activity is not known, but is likely t be substantial, and, given the anatomical and pathological differences, may differ between the two projection systems. We propose to test this hypothesis with a combination of functional and anatomical studies in monkeys. The functional studies (aim 1) will make use of an optogenetic approach that will allow us to selectively activate terminals of the CM-striatal or VL-striatal projections, and to examine the resulting effects on the activity of striatal projection neurons an cholinergic interneurons in awake primates. These studies will first be done in the normal state, and then again after the animals have been rendered parkinsonian by treatment with MPTP. The functional studies will be complemented with quantitative electron microscopic analyses in the same animals, in which opsin expression will be used as an anatomic marker to identify parkinsonism-related changes in the postsynaptic targets of CM- or VL-striatal terminals (aim 2). The proposed studies will help us to gain a more complete understanding of the circuit pathophysiology of parkinsonism, and set the stage for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat Parkinson's disease through influencing specific thalamostriatal interactions.

Public Health Relevance

Recent research has shown that the massive thalamostriatal fiber system in the brain is strongly affected by the degenerative process in Parkinson's disease. The proposed studies will examine the impact of the changes on thalamostriatal transmission in primates, using cutting-edge functional and morphological techniques of investigation. These studies will help us to gain a better understanding of the circuit pathophysiology of Parkinsonism, and may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat Parkinson's disease through influencing specific thalamostriatal interactions.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01NS083386-01
Application #
8534529
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZRG1-BDCN-L (03))
Program Officer
Sieber, Beth-Anne
Project Start
2013-06-01
Project End
2018-05-31
Budget Start
2013-06-01
Budget End
2014-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$385,661
Indirect Cost
$166,911
Name
Emory University
Department
Neurology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
066469933
City
Atlanta
State
GA
Country
United States
Zip Code
30322
Galvan, Adriana; Caiola, Michael J; Albaugh, Daniel L (2018) Advances in optogenetic and chemogenetic methods to study brain circuits in non-human primates. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 125:547-563
Masilamoni, Gunasingh J; Smith, Yoland (2018) Chronic MPTP administration regimen in monkeys: a model of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic cell loss in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 125:337-363
Villalba, Rosa M; Smith, Yoland (2018) Loss and remodeling of striatal dendritic spines in Parkinson's disease: from homeostasis to maladaptive plasticity? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 125:431-447
Galvan, Adriana; Hu, Xing; Smith, Yoland et al. (2016) Effects of Optogenetic Activation of Corticothalamic Terminals in the Motor Thalamus of Awake Monkeys. J Neurosci 36:3519-30
Gonzales, Kalynda K; Smith, Yoland (2015) Cholinergic interneurons in the dorsal and ventral striatum: anatomical and functional considerations in normal and diseased conditions. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1349:1-45
Smith, Yoland; Wichmann, Thomas; DeLong, Mahlon R (2014) Corticostriatal and mesocortical dopamine systems: do species differences matter? Nat Rev Neurosci 15:63