This application aims to provide a mechanistic understanding of the effect of gradients of physical and chemical guidance cues (GCs), individually and combinatory, on guidance and modulation of axonal growth. The proposed study will specifically answer to questions whether: (1) immediate turning of growth cone depends on the difference between the concentration gradients on the left- and right-hand sides of the growth cone;(2) immediate and biased turning and growth-rate modulation work together to guide axons towards their targets;(3) integration of gradients of multiple cues can provide a precise regulation mechanism for axonal guidance. Axons are guided along specific pathways by gradients of attractive and repulsive cues in their extracellular environment. To understand the effect of gradients of guidance cues individually or in combination on growth cone turning and growth rate modulation, the development of platforms that are capable of producing precisely controlled shape gradients of guidance cues is essential. I propose to develop an inexpensive and high- throughput technology that is capable of providing precise, reproducible, and arbitrarily shaped gradients of physical and biochemical cues to direct and modulate axonal growth. For these studies, we will first fabricate aligned nanotubes of conducting polymer loaded with nerve growth factor on micro-fabricated electrode arrays. To release the entrapped nerve growth factor, we will actuate these nanotubes by applying electrical voltages. By varying the actuating voltage across the electrode array, we will create precisely controlled gradients of released nerve growth factor on these microelectrodes. Next, we will generate gradients of substrate-bound molecules, in this case laminin, on conducting polymer nanotubes across the electrode array. Inclusion of laminin on the nanotubes will be achieved by using this protein as a dopant during electropolymerization of conducting polymer. We will employ different concentrations of laminin on individual electrode sites to achieve the desired gradient profile. To generate gradients of surface topography, we will create gradients in diameter and surface roughness of aligned conducting polymer nanotubes on the micro-fabricated electrode arrays. We will modulate (a) the diameter of conducting polymer nanotubes by varying the time of electrochemical polymerization of conducting polymer, and (b) the surface roughness of conducting polymer nanotubes by varying the current density applied during electrodeposition. Finally, we will develop a 3D conduit consisting of a PDMS guidance channel that contains nanostructured conducting polymers that provide (i) physical and biochemical growth cues, and (ii) low impedance electrodes to monitor axonal growth by electrophysiological recording along the regeneration pathway. This multifunctional conduit will be tested in vitro and vivo to determine the effect of gradient of multiple guidance cues on axonal growth direction and rate. The results of these studies may significantly impact society by paving the way for a solution to the major clinical problem of axon regeneration and guidance.

Public Health Relevance

Nerve injury in both central and peripheral nervous system (CNS and PNS) is a major health problem. According to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, there are approximately 290,000 individuals in the US who suffer from spinal cord injuries with about 12,000 new injuries occurring each year. The findings of this research will, therefore, have a significant impact on public health.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Type
Research Project (R01)
Project #
1R01NS087224-01
Application #
8674917
Study Section
Biomaterials and Biointerfaces Study Section (BMBI)
Program Officer
Jakeman, Lyn B
Project Start
2014-04-01
Project End
2019-03-31
Budget Start
2014-04-01
Budget End
2015-03-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Pennsylvania State University
Department
Biomedical Engineering
Type
Biomed Engr/Col Engr/Engr Sta
DUNS #
City
University Park
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
16802
Antensteiner, Martin; Khorrami, Milad; Fallahianbijan, Fatemeh et al. (2017) Conducting Polymer Microcups for Organic Bioelectronics and Drug Delivery Applications. Adv Mater 29:
Khorrami, Milad; Antensteiner, Martin; Fallahianbijan, Fatemeh et al. (2017) Conducting polymer microcontainers for biomedical applications. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017:1869-1872
Antensteiner, Martin; Abidian, Mohammad Reza (2017) Tunable nanostructured conducting polymers for neural interface applications. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017:1881-1884
Malliaras, George; Abidian, Mohammad Reza (2015) Organic Bioelectronic Materials and Devices. Adv Mater 27:7492
Green, Rylie; Abidian, Mohammad Reza (2015) Conducting Polymers for Neural Prosthetic and Neural Interface Applications. Adv Mater 27:7620-37
Park, SooHyun; Yang, Guang; Madduri, Nrutya et al. (2014) Hydrogel-mediated direct patterning of conducting polymer films with multiple surface chemistries. Adv Mater 26:2782-7
Fattahi, Pouria; Yang, Guang; Kim, Gloria et al. (2014) A review of organic and inorganic biomaterials for neural interfaces. Adv Mater 26:1846-85
Yang, Guang; Kampstra, Kelly L; Abidian, Mohammad Reza (2014) High performance conducting polymer nanofiber biosensors for detection of biomolecules. Adv Mater 26:4954-60