The proposed research investigates the potential genetic moderators of psychological and physical adjustment to the common life stressor of divorce. Although most people are resilient in the face of divorce, a subset of adults becomes stuck on pathways toward maladaptive outcomes, making the association between divorce, mood disturbances, and physical health a significant public health concern. The primary goal of this project is to collect deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from 190 adults (156 of Caucasian/European American descent) who have experienced a recent marital separation in order to (1) investigate candidate polymorphisms in four serotonin genes that may interact with the psychosocial context of marital separation to moderate changes in mood symptoms over a 9-month period and (2) investigate the role of genes within the inflammation system that may moderate changes in blood pressure (BP) reactivity to a divorce-specific laboratory challenge paradigm. By studying the potential genetic moderators of divorce adjustment, this work can provide new insights into who fares well or poorly following the end of marriage. There is consensus in the fields of genetic epidemiology and molecular psychiatry that the study of genotypic effects on psychological and biological end- points of interest can be greatly enhanced through improved measurement of the psychosocial environment. Thus, by carefully measuring adults'psychological responses to their separation and degree of reported stress, this work has the potential to enhance what is known about the effects of gene-environment (G X E) interactions on psychological and health-related phenotypes of interest. The proposed research is one the first prospective investigations of how G X E interactions may limit or promote emotional and biological recovery over time. Using a planned missingness design (intended to decrease participant attrition), adults will be studied at four occasions over a 9-month period. Simulation studies of this sampling approach reveal that the proposed study will be adequately powered to detect small G X E interaction effects on changes in mood symptoms and BP reactivity. In combination, the study of genes in both the serotonin and inflammation systems, the detailed assessment of the psychosocial context of divorce, and the prospective sampling and data analyses will make the proposed study unique to the existing literature and one with potential for high scientific yield in an understudied area of public health significance. This research will contribute to the growing effort to identify the precise effect size estimates in G X E studies of mood disturbances, as well as newly emerging research in psychosomatic medicine that combines genes, psychological variables, and biological response patterns of interest. There are many reasons to believe that genes in the emotion and inflammation systems interact to produce both increased depression and heightened BP responses, and the proposed investigation has promise to make timely and important contributions to this growing area of research.

Public Health Relevance

Divorce is among the most stressful life events a person can experience, and a significant proportion of adults develop diagnosable mental and physical health problems following the end of marriage. By collecting deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from 190 recently separated adults, this project seeks to determine if some people are at unique risk for poor outcomes in the wake of this stressful experience. A better understanding of the associations between the psychological stress of divorce, genetic risk, and health is critical for developing improved prevention and treatment programs.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21AG036895-01A1
Application #
8045339
Study Section
Social Psychology, Personality and Interpersonal Processes Study Section (SPIP)
Program Officer
Spotts, Erica L
Project Start
2011-08-15
Project End
2013-06-30
Budget Start
2011-08-15
Budget End
2012-06-30
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2011
Total Cost
$200,000
Indirect Cost
Name
University of Arizona
Department
Psychology
Type
Schools of Arts and Sciences
DUNS #
806345617
City
Tucson
State
AZ
Country
United States
Zip Code
85721
Grinberg, Austin M; O'Hara, Karey L; Sbarra, David A (2018) Preliminary evidence of attenuated blood pressure reactivity to acute stress in adults following a recent marital separation. Psychol Health 33:430-444
Bourassa, Kyle J; Allen, John J B; Mehl, Matthias R et al. (2017) Impact of Narrative Expressive Writing on Heart Rate, Heart Rate Variability, and Blood Pressure After Marital Separation. Psychosom Med 79:697-705
Bourassa, Kyle J; Hasselmo, Karen; Sbarra, David A (2016) Heart Rate Variability Moderates the Association Between Separation-Related Psychological Distress and Blood Pressure Reactivity Over Time. Psychol Sci 27:1123-35
Hasselmo, Karen; Sbarra, David A; O'Connor, Mary-Frances et al. (2015) Psychological distress following marital separation interacts with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene to predict cardiac vagal control in the laboratory. Psychophysiology 52:736-44
Sbarra, David A (2015) Divorce and health: current trends and future directions. Psychosom Med 77:227-36
Sbarra, David A; Hasselmo, Karen; Bourassa, Kyle J (2015) Divorce and Health: Beyond Individual Differences. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 24:109-113
Bourassa, Kyle J; Sbarra, David A; Whisman, Mark A (2015) Women in very low quality marriages gain life satisfaction following divorce. J Fam Psychol 29:490-9
Krietsch, Kendra N; Mason, Ashley E; Sbarra, David A (2014) Sleep complaints predict increases in resting blood pressure following marital separation. Health Psychol 33:1204-13
Sbarra, David A; Emery, Robert E; Beam, Christopher R et al. (2014) Marital Dissolution and Major Depression in Midlife: A Propensity Score Analysis. Clin Psychol Sci 2:249-257
Whisman, Mark A; Sbarra, David A (2012) Marital adjustment and interleukin-6 (IL-6). J Fam Psychol 26:290-5