Macrophages play a significant role in HIV-1, in both productive infection and maintenance of the viral reservoir. While the current efforts of eradication of HIV are mostly directed toward latently infected T-cells, macrophages are largely ignored. Macrophages are however likely to contribute to maintenance of the viral reservoir especially in the CNS where HIV infection is often associated with CD163 positive macrophages. Our previous work has demonstrated that substance P (SP), the endogenous neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) agonist, promotes HIV infection in macrophages, whereas treatment of macrophages with NK1R antagonists inhibits HIV infection. During the course of our current investigations, we made a novel observation which is the basis of this R21 grant;the treatment of human macrophages with SP ex vivo increases levels of both soluble and membrane bound forms of CD163, the scavenger receptor for haptoglobin-hemoglobin. CD163 is a marker which is uniquely expressed on cells of monocyte-macrophage origin and present in biological fluids in a stable soluble form (sCD163). Significant evidence has been accumulated demonstrating increases in CD163 levels in HIV infected individuals, however, the direct involvement of this molecule in HIV pathogenesis is unknown. Using two independent methods, cell sorting and siRNA, we demonstrated that higher levels of membrane bound CD163 are associated with higher HIV infection in macrophages. In the next phase of our investigations, we have designed a series of novel experiments in order to establish the roles of soluble and membrane-bound CD163 in HIV infection (Aims 1 and 2), and to determine if SP-induced enhancement of HIV infection is related to NK1R-mediated regulation of CD163 expression in human monocytes-macrophages (Aim 3). This R21 focuses on the mechanisms of HIV infection in macrophages and has direct implications for development of novel HIV therapies.

Public Health Relevance

The overall goal of this proposal is to determine whether the haptoglobin-hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 is directly involved in HIV pathogenesis. We will also evaluate the hypothesis that SP effects on HIV infection are linked to its ability to regulate both membrane bound CD163 and soluble CD163. These studies have direct implications for the development of novel therapies for HIV disease, including HIV- Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) and approaches toward the eradication of HIV tissue reservoirs in general and in the CNS in particular.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Exploratory/Developmental Grants (R21)
Project #
1R21AI108296-01
Application #
8601783
Study Section
NeuroAIDS and other End-Organ Diseases Study Section (NAED)
Program Officer
Lawrence, Diane M
Project Start
2013-06-13
Project End
2015-05-31
Budget Start
2013-06-13
Budget End
2014-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$236,175
Indirect Cost
$95,175
Name
Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Department
Type
DUNS #
073757627
City
Philadelphia
State
PA
Country
United States
Zip Code
19104
Tuluc, Florin; Spitsin, Sergei; Tustin, Nancy B et al. (2017) Decreased PD-1 Expression on CD8 Lymphocyte Subsets and Increase in CD8?Tscm Cells in Children with HIV Receiving Raltegravir. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 33:133-142
Spitsin, Sergei; Meshki, John; Winters, Angela et al. (2017) Substance P-mediated chemokine production promotes monocyte migration. J Leukoc Biol 101:967-973
Douglas, Steven D (2016) Substance P and sickle cell disease-a marker for pain and novel therapeutic approaches. Br J Haematol 175:187-188
Barrett, Jeffrey S; Spitsin, Sergei; Moorthy, Ganesh et al. (2016) Pharmacologic rationale for the NK1R antagonist, aprepitant as adjunctive therapy in HIV. J Transl Med 14:148
Tuluc, Florin; Meshki, John; Spitsin, Sergei et al. (2014) HIV infection of macrophages is enhanced in the presence of increased expression of CD163 induced by substance P. J Leukoc Biol 96:143-50
Spitsin, Sergei; Stevens, Kathleen E; Douglas, Steven D (2013) Expression of substance P, neurokinin-1 receptor and immune markers in the brains of individuals with HIV-associated neuropathology. J Neurol Sci 334:18-23