Alcohol abuse during pregnancy is recognized as a significant risk factor to normal fetal growth and development, and alcohol is considered to be a potent teratogenic agent in both humans and animals. Given that alcohol frequently is used concomitantly with other drugs of abuse by pregnant women, it is important to know how the combined use of alcohol and other drugs of abuse affect alcohol's teratogenic effects. The """"""""other"""""""" drug of abuse this project will focus on is cocaine, since its use by pregnant women has increased dramatically in the last decade. In Series I, an established mouse model of alcohol-induced birth defects will be employed. Studies are designed to evaluate the effect of combined alcohol and cocaine administration (either chronically or acutely) on pregnancy outcome in C57BL/6J mice. The primary dependent variables will include the effect on fetal weight, Utter size, and type and number of birth defects. The studies in Series II and III take this research one step further. In Series II, the C57BL/6J mouse model system will be used to measure the effects of concomitant alcohol and cocaine administration on alterations in the vasoactive prostaglandins (thromboxane and prostacyclin) which regulate placental blood flow. Since both alcohol and cocaine have been shown to decrease intrauterine and placental blood flow, alterations in the vasoactive prostaglandins or their """"""""balance"""""""" might be a common site where concomitant alcohol and cocaine exposure may have an interactive effect. Studies manipulating endogenous thromboxane and prostacyclin levels in vivo are proposed, as well. A unique aspect of this proposal is that in Series III, we propose to use the human placenta and human umbilical artery to address the effect of concomitant alcohol and cocaine exposure on thromboxane and prostacyclin production or levels. Thus, we will utilize both animal and human tissue to address a potential mechanism for the co-teratogenicity of alcohol and cocaine. In summary, the proposed research will begin to fill a void in the literature regarding the effect of concomitant alcohol and cocaine administration on pregnancy outcome. Moreover, it win begin to address issues related to a mechanism of action which might be able to explain at least some of the teratogenic effects of the drug combination. Since there is virtually no information in the literature on this topic, the results generated will be of major significance to the prenatal field.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
Type
Method to Extend Research in Time (MERIT) Award (R37)
Project #
5R37AA009487-02
Application #
2045710
Study Section
Biochemistry, Physiology and Medicine Subcommittee (ALCB)
Project Start
1993-02-01
Project End
1998-01-31
Budget Start
1994-02-01
Budget End
1995-01-31
Support Year
2
Fiscal Year
1994
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Medical University of South Carolina
Department
Psychiatry
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
183710748
City
Charleston
State
SC
Country
United States
Zip Code
29425
Lopez, Marcelo; Simpson, Damon; White, Nancy et al. (2003) Age- and sex-related differences in alcohol and nicotine effects in C57BL/6J mice. Addict Biol 8:419-27
Cook, J L; Randall, C L (1996) Cocaine does not affect prostacyclin, thromboxane or prostaglandin E production in human umbilical veins. Drug Alcohol Depend 41:113-8
Salo, A L; Randall, C L; Becker, H C (1996) Effect of acute ethanol and cocaine administration on gestation days 14-17 in mice. Alcohol 13:369-75
Salo, A L; Randall, C L; Becker, H C et al. (1995) Acute gestational cocaine exposure alone or in combination with low-dose ethanol does not influence prenatal mortality or fetal weight in mice. Neurotoxicol Teratol 17:577-81
Randall, C L; Saulnier, J L (1995) Effect of ethanol on prostacyclin, thromboxane, and prostaglandin E production in human umbilical veins. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 19:741-6
Randall, C L; Salo, A L; Becker, H C et al. (1994) Cocaine does not influence the teratogenic effects of acute ethanol in mice. Reprod Toxicol 8:341-50