This U01 proposal is intended to investigate the pathobiology of radiation- induced vascular endothelial cell (EC) injury and elucidate the mechanisms responsible for its attenuation by human ghrelin. Radiological incidents can cause severe and widespread organ damage, of which endothelial injury is a key component. We have demonstrated that ghrelin administration starting at 24 h after total body irradiation (TBI) doubled the survival rate of rodents exposed to TBI. Ghrelin attenuated endothelial activation and leakage in the lungs of irradiated mice and in irradiated human umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) monolayers. For the first time, we discovered pyroptosis, a new mechanism of cell death, in the lungs of mice exposed to TBI and in irradiated HUVECs. Serum levels of the novel inflammatory mediator cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) were elevated in TBI mice and reduced by ghrelin. When exposed to recombinant murine CIRP, mouse lung vascular ECs underwent pyroptosis associated with NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and NAD(P)H oxidase activation. Ghrelin also decreased radiation- induced production of reactive oxygen species in HUVECs. Based on these novel findings, we hypothesize that ghrelin mitigates radiation-induced endothelial injury by inhibiting CIRP-mediated EC pyroptosis. We will determine ghrelin?s beneficial effects on endothelial integrity after irradiation, examine ghrelin?s effects on radiation-induced EC pyroptosis and the role of CIRP, and evaluate the long-term effects of ghrelin treatment on radiation-induced EC injury in mice after TBI. These proposed studies will further confirm ghrelin?s beneficial effects on radiation injury to vascular ECs and establish CIRP-induced EC pyroptosis as a novel mechanism of radiation-induced injury. This information will support the preclinical and clinical development of human ghrelin towards its FDA approval as a novel and effective radiation medical countermeasure.

Public Health Relevance

Major radiological incidents can cause severe and widespread radiation organ damage, of which endothelial injury is a key component. We have discovered that treatment with ghrelin improves the survival rate after exposure to irradiation and reduces endothelial injury after radiation exposure. In this proposal, we will elucidate how ghrelin attenuates endothelial barrier dysfunction and endothelial cell death after irradiation, and determine ghrelin's long-term beneficial effects towards its development as an effective treatment for victims of radiation exposure.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
1U01AI133655-01
Application #
9391119
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAI1-ZL-I (M2))
Program Officer
Vedamony, Merriline M
Project Start
2017-06-07
Project End
2022-05-31
Budget Start
2017-06-07
Budget End
2018-05-31
Support Year
1
Fiscal Year
2017
Total Cost
$575,154
Indirect Cost
$226,576
Name
Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
Department
Type
Research Institutes
DUNS #
110565913
City
Manhasset
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
11030