The clinical management of pain in prescription opioid abusers presents a challenge to the health care professional. Epidemiological data indicate that a substantial number (40-50%) of the 5.1 million prescription opioid abusers in this country suffer pain on an ongoing basis, yet treatment with opioid analgesics is complicated not only by concerns about drug-seeking and addiction, but also by the neurophysiologic consequences of opioid abuse on pain systems. With direct relevance to pain, an increasingly appreciated neural response to opioid abuse is opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), or a state of heightened sensitivity to noxious stimuli associated with ongoing exposure to opioids, and resulting in a paradoxical increase in pain and decrease in opioid analgesic effects. Opioid-induced hyperalgesia has been well-demonstrated in patients on substitution medication (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine) for the treatment of opioid dependence;notably the investigators have novel pilot data showing that the GABA-agonist gabapentin (GPN) significantly decreases OIH in methadone patients (Compton et al., 2010), providing the first empirical evidence of a pharmacotherapy for OIH in opioid abusers. In an effort to guide its use in the clinical setting, the proposed research will comprehensively evaluate the efficacy of chronic GPN therapy to treat OIH in a well-described population of prescription opioid abusers on buprenorphine therapy, and examine how these effects are mediated by the presence of chronic pain. Directly building upon the data and formalized research activities of the investigative group, the planned project is designed and staffed to be completed in three years, and is anticipated to provide important, valid, and timely detail on the efficacy of GPN for the treatment of OIH in opioid abusers. Importantly, this work will expand the clinical population of interest to focus on prescription opioid abusers, a group of patients for whom chronic pain and addiction complicate outcome, and leaves them uniquely vulnerable to under-treatment or poor pain management. Testing the GPN, the first-known pharmacotherapy to treat OIH in this population, is an important step toward providing adequate pain relief for patients who abuse prescription opioids.

Public Health Relevance

Managing pain in patients who abuse prescription opioids presents many challenges, including the presence of opioid-induced hyperalgesia which serves to worsen the pain experience. The proposed study will evaluate the efficacy of gabapentin (a GABA agonist) to treat opioid-induced hyperalgesia in prescription opioid abusers, as well as examine how the presence of ongoing, chronic pain may affect this response.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
5U01DA029580-03
Application #
8474738
Study Section
Neural Basis of Psychopathology, Addictions and Sleep Disorders Study Section (NPAS)
Program Officer
Biswas, Jamie
Project Start
2012-06-01
Project End
2015-12-31
Budget Start
2014-01-01
Budget End
2014-12-31
Support Year
3
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$619,048
Indirect Cost
$203,313
Name
Georgetown University
Department
Other Health Professions
Type
Schools of Nursing
DUNS #
049515844
City
Washington
State
DC
Country
United States
Zip Code
20057
Tompkins, D Andrew; Hobelmann, J Greg; Compton, Peggy (2017) Providing chronic pain management in the ""Fifth Vital Sign"" Era: Historical and treatment perspectives on a modern-day medical dilemma. Drug Alcohol Depend 173 Suppl 1:S11-S21
Compton, Peggy; Weaver, Michael F (2015) Responsible opioid use. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 29:166-8