Isolated cleft palate is the commonest craniofacial birth anomaly (e.g., 4.5 per 10,000 births in the US). It creates problems in feeding, speech, hearing, and dental development. Unsuccessful surgery may fail to resolve these problems and reduce the child's potential for social development and inclusion. There is an inadequate evidence base for selecting the optimal timing for surgery, but a possible case for undertaking surgery at 6 months, rather than the more usual timing of 12 months or later. Providing a functioning palate when speech skills begin to develop may lead to better speech outcomes. Our randomized control trial comparing surgery at 6 months or 12 months in infants with isolated non-syndromic cleft palate (funded by NIDCR grants 1U01DE018664 and 1U01DE018837) began recruitment in September 2010. By June 2015, a total of 650 infants will have been recruited across 23 cleft centres in the United Kingdom, Scandinavia and Brazil. From July 2015, over the remaining 5 years of the study, we will follow every child, obtain standardised records at age 12 months, 3 years and 5 years, and compare a variety of outcomes. The main outcome will be the quality of speech (resonance, nasal airflow) as assessed by blinded listeners. Secondary outcomes will include articulation, surgical complications, hearing, growth, and dentofacial development. If significant differences are demonstrated, it is possible that improved knowledge about optimal timing will improve speech quality, and in turn, the social integration of affected children, while reducing the burden of remedial care that they and their families must endure, and the associated medical costs. The findings will be applicable to any country where cleft surgery can be planned in advance.

Public Health Relevance

Evidence of superiority of one or other timing of surgery for infants with cleft palate will have immediate relevance only to them and their families, and their clinical teams. However, the avoidance of secondary complications, and the need for re-operation or lengthy speech therapy will reduce the costs of care. This will apply anywhere in the world where surgery is programmed in advance, and may become a mandatory requirement in countries with socialized health services.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
Type
Research Project--Cooperative Agreements (U01)
Project #
2U01DE018664-06
Application #
8882577
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZDE1-SM (17))
Program Officer
Atkinson, Jane C
Project Start
2007-10-01
Project End
2020-06-30
Budget Start
2015-09-25
Budget End
2016-06-30
Support Year
6
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
$1,566,560
Indirect Cost
$67,254
Name
University of Manchester
Department
Type
DUNS #
229894910
City
Manchester
State
Country
United Kingdom
Zip Code
Willadsen, Elisabeth; Persson, Christina; Appelbe, Duncan (2018) A software program to assist coding of prelinguistic vocalizations in real time. Clin Linguist Phon 32:972-978
Kanady, Jesica A; Aruni, A Wilson; Ninnis, Janet R et al. (2012) Nitrate reductase activity of bacteria in saliva of term and preterm infants. Nitric Oxide 27:193-200