A major challenge in vaccinology is that the efficacy of a vaccine can only be ascertained retrospectively, upon infection. The identification of molecular signatures induced rapidly after vaccination which correlate with and predict, the later development of protective immunity, would represent a strategy to prospectively determine vaccine efficacy. Such a strategy would be particularly useful when evaluating the efficacy or immunogenicity of untested vaccines, or in identifying individuals with sub-optimal responses amongst high risk populations such as the elderly. We have recently used a systems biology approach to identify early gene signatures that predict later immune responses in humans vaccinated with the yellow fever vaccine YF- 17D. The goal of the present application is to determine extent to which such an approach will have broad utility in predicting the immunogenicity of other vaccines, and in identifying new correlates of protective immunity. To achieve this goal we have initiated a highly collaborative effort to perform a comprehensive analysis of immune responses induced by three distinct vaccines: (i) the inactivated trivalent influenza vaccine, (ii) the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and (iii) the live attenuated varicella-zoster vaccine. These three vaccines were selected for this study because influenza virus, pneumococcus and zoster, are of global public health importance and the cause of severe morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly and other high-risk groups. In addition, all three of these vaccines are known to generate sub-optimal immunity in a substantial proportion of elderly vaccinees. Defining the innate signatures in these sub-optimal responders may provide insight into the defects that underlie poor vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity in the elderly. The program is organized into two Research Projects: 1. Innate signatures (Pulendran), and 2. Adaptive Immunity (Ahmed). These will be supported by an Adminstrative Core (Pulendran), a Clinical Core (Mulligan), an Epitope Mapping Core (Sette), and a Computational Core (Haining). The successful completion of this program may provide insights into the defects that underlie poor vaccine efficacy in the elderly, and establish the broad utility of systems biology in predicting vaccine immunogenicity.

Public Health Relevance

Our recent work with the yellow fever vaccine demonstrates that systems biology approaches provide a new and unbiased way to probe the immune response to vaccination in humans, and discover molecular signatures that can predict vaccine induced immunity. In the present proposal, we seek to determine whether such an approach is generally applicable to different types of vaccines in the young and elderly populations.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Program--Cooperative Agreements (U19)
Project #
5U19AI090023-04
Application #
8495220
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAI1-QV-I (M2))
Program Officer
Dong, Gang
Project Start
2010-07-12
Project End
2015-06-30
Budget Start
2013-07-01
Budget End
2014-06-30
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2013
Total Cost
$2,937,945
Indirect Cost
$937,759
Name
Emory University
Department
Pathology
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
066469933
City
Atlanta
State
GA
Country
United States
Zip Code
30322
Lynn, David J; Pulendran, Bali (2018) The potential of the microbiota to influence vaccine responses. J Leukoc Biol 103:225-231
Yu, Tianwei (2018) Nonlinear variable selection with continuous outcome: a fully nonparametric incremental forward stagewise approach. Stat Anal Data Min 11:188-197
Levin, Myron J; Cai, Guang-Yun; Lee, Katherine S et al. (2018) Varicella-Zoster Virus DNA in Blood After Administration of Herpes Zoster Vaccine. J Infect Dis 217:1055-1059
Hagan, Thomas; Pulendran, Bali (2018) Will Systems Biology Deliver Its Promise and Contribute to the Development of New or Improved Vaccines? From Data to Understanding through Systems Biology. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 10:
Kang, Hyun Min; Subramaniam, Meena; Targ, Sasha et al. (2018) Multiplexed droplet single-cell RNA-sequencing using natural genetic variation. Nat Biotechnol 36:89-94
Lopez, Romain; Regier, Jeffrey; Cole, Michael B et al. (2018) Deep generative modeling for single-cell transcriptomics. Nat Methods 15:1053-1058
Levin, Myron J; Kroehl, Miranda E; Johnson, Michael J et al. (2018) Th1 memory differentiates recombinant from live herpes zoster vaccines. J Clin Invest 128:4429-4440
Upadhyay, Amit A; Kauffman, Robert C; Wolabaugh, Amber N et al. (2018) BALDR: a computational pipeline for paired heavy and light chain immunoglobulin reconstruction in single-cell RNA-seq data. Genome Med 10:20
Bowen, James R; Zimmerman, Matthew G; Suthar, Mehul S (2018) Taking the defensive: Immune control of Zika virus infection. Virus Res 254:21-26
Woodruff, Matthew Charles; Kim, Eui Ho; Luo, Wei et al. (2018) B Cell Competition for Restricted T Cell Help Suppresses Rare-Epitope Responses. Cell Rep 25:321-327.e3

Showing the most recent 10 out of 105 publications