Monocyte-macrophages are important hosts for HIV-1, playing key roles in the dissemination of the virus and the pathogenesis of AIDS. These studies focus on defining altered functions of mononuclear phagocytes from AIDS patients and following HIV-1 infection in vitro. Numerous phenotypic and functional abnormalities have been defined. For example, monocytes in the circulation of normal individuals do not express Fc(gamma)R111, whereas many AIDS monocytes are FC(gamma)RIII positive. Upregulation of this receptor which modulates immunophagocytosis and release of toxic oxygen species may be related to increased circulating levels of TGF-beta. TGF-beta is also a potent immunosuppressive agent and is produced by HIV infected monocytes. Based on the emerging evidence that monocytes are central to the evolution of AIDS, studies are also directed at exploring potential antiviral therapies targeted at the monocyte population. In addition to circulating monocytes, HIV is found in high frequency in tissue macrophages. The gastrointestinal tract is a major route of entry for HIV and a series of studies are focusing on the immunologic and clinical manifestations of HIV infection of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract.
| Greenwell-Wild, Teresa; Vazquez, Nancy; Jin, Wenwen et al. (2009) Interleukin-27 inhibition of HIV-1 involves an intermediate induction of type I interferon. Blood 114:1864-74 |
| Mavragani, Clio P; Niewold, Timothy B; Moutsopoulos, Niki M et al. (2007) Augmented interferon-alpha pathway activation in patients with Sjogren's syndrome treated with etanercept. Arthritis Rheum 56:3995-4004 |
| Peng, Gang; Greenwell-Wild, Teresa; Nares, Salvador et al. (2007) Myeloid differentiation and susceptibility to HIV-1 are linked to APOBEC3 expression. Blood 110:393-400 |
| Moutsopoulos, Niki M; Nares, Salvador; Nikitakis, Nikolaos et al. (2007) Tonsil epithelial factors may influence oropharyngeal human immunodeficiency virus transmission. Am J Pathol 171:571-9 |
| Peng, Gang; Lei, Ke Jian; Jin, Wenwen et al. (2006) Induction of APOBEC3 family proteins, a defensive maneuver underlying interferon-induced anti-HIV-1 activity. J Exp Med 203:41-6 |
| Moutsopoulos, N M; Greenwell-Wild, T; Wahl, S M (2006) Differential mucosal susceptibility in HIV-1 transmission and infection. Adv Dent Res 19:52-6 |
| Vazquez, Nancy; Greenwell-Wild, Teresa; Rekka, Sofia et al. (2006) Mycobacterium avium-induced SOCS contributes to resistance to IFN-gamma-mediated mycobactericidal activity in human macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 80:1136-44 |
| Wahl, Sharon M; Greenwell-Wild, Teresa; Vazquez, Nancy (2006) HIV accomplices and adversaries in macrophage infection. J Leukoc Biol 80:973-83 |
| Riley, E M; Wahl, S; Perkins, D J et al. (2006) Regulating immunity to malaria. Parasite Immunol 28:35-49 |
| Moutsopoulos, Niki M; Vazquez, Nancy; Greenwell-Wild, Teresa et al. (2006) Regulation of the tonsil cytokine milieu favors HIV susceptibility. J Leukoc Biol 80:1145-55 |
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