Evaluating the role of Thrombospondin-1-CD47 mediated nitric oxide signaling in t

Amend, Sarah

Abstract

Cancer metastasis to bone is common to many advanced cancers including breast, prostate, and lung cancers, causing severe pain, life-threatening hypercalcemia, and nerve compression syndromes. Under homeostatic conditions, bone-resorbing osteoclasts are tightly regulated for healthy bone turnover. In skeletal metastasis, however, tumor cells secrete soluble factors that promote osteoclast activity, resulting in the release of growth factors that stimulate local tumor growth. This leads to a """"""""vicious cycle"""""""" of osteoclast activation and tumor cell proliferation, causing increased tumor burden and bone lesions. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) is a secreted protein that is known primarily for its role in inhibiting angiogenesis. There is evidence that TSP1 regulates nitric oxie (NO) signaling via two of its ligands, CD36 and CD47. Tonic levels of NO are critical for cell survival. Under pathological conditions, NO signaling is upregulated through iNOS. Specific regulatory pathways of iNOS have not been identified. TSP1 regulation of NO represents a promising novel therapeutic target for the treatment of primary and metastatic cancer. We propose to evaluate TSP1-mediated NO signaling in bone remodeling, both in healthy and bone metastatic states. We found that TSP1 deficient macrophages showed elevated iNOS transcript levels and increased NO activity. TSP1 depleted osteoclasts had differentiation defects consistent with misregulated NO signaling. TSP1-/- mice had significantly increased bone volume and reduced bone turnover, a defect rescued upon administration of a pan-NOS inhibitor. We have published that CD47-/- mice also have increased bone mass with associated osteoclast defects. Importantly, we found that, contrary to their roles in anti-angiogenesis, bone metastatic cell lines C42b and B16F10 have increased TSP1 expression. We hypothesize that TSP1 ligation of CD47 regulates NO signaling via inhibition of iNOS in osteoclasts and that tumor-derived TSP1 contributes to increased tumor-associated osteolysis in bone metastasis. The TSP1/CD47/NO signaling axis in healthy and metastatic bone remodeling will be evaluated using mouse models and mimetics and inhibitors to modulate TSP1/CD47 interaction and NOS activity. Significance: The research proposed in this research training plan will further the understanding of bone remodeling and elucidate the role of TSP1 regulation of NO signaling. Importantly, we will characterize the TSP1/CD47/NO signaling in bone under pathological conditions and provide valuable insight into the off-target effects of cancer therapeutics in trialto modulate this signaling pathway.

Public Health Relevance

Evaluation of the TSP1/CD47/iNOS signaling axis in OC within the context of the vicious cycle of bone metastasis will contribute to the understanding of cancer progression and relationship between host and tumor cells within the bone microenvironment. Because of its role in pathology, examining the signaling mechanisms responsible regulating iNOS is critical to understand disease states as well as healthy homeostasis. Specific investigation of the role of TSP1/CD47 ligation and subsequent nitric oxide signaling in the metabolically active bone resorbing osteoclasts will identify the role of th signaling pathway in healthy bone remodeling. Moreover, TSP1/CD47/NO signaling is being targeted for novel therapeutics for the treatment of primary and metastatic cancer. This work will characterize off-target effects of this targeting, including direct effects on normal bone remodeling and indirect effects of tumor growth in bone via modulation of the vicious cycle. The research proposed here will determine if therapeutic targeting of TSP1-CD47 protects against pathologic bone loss characteristic of bone metastasis through regulation of NO signaling. !