The primary objective of this study is to test whether the administration of supplemental oxygen to infants who develop moderate retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) will result in a reduction of at least one third in the number of infants with eyes progressing to threshold ROP. Infants receive continuous pulse oximetry saturation monitoring at one of two specified oxygen levels with weekly active at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania as part of a consortium of four intensive care units. Eighteen have been enrolled to date since recruitment began in 1994. Participation in this protocol will continue with enrollment of eligible patients. Ophthalomologists will continue ROP screening exams in the nursuries and will alert study personnel of babies who are at risk for developing pre-threshold ROP.
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