This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. New insights into HIV pathogenesis, the evolution of better tools for monitoring viral replication and resistance to antiretroviral drugs in vitro and in vivo, and the availability of a wider array of more potent antiretroviral drugs, have combined to drastically change the current manangement of HIV disease and the future landscape of HIV-related therapeutic clinical trials. The major questions to be addressed with respect to approved and investigational antiretroviral drugs in HIV therapeurtics now involved how best to: 1.) achieve long-term suppresion of viral replication with least possible toxicity and cost, and with the broadest choice of long-term treatment options; 2.)maintain or restore immunologic function, either through antiretroviral or immune interventions; and 3.)prevent disease progression and opportunistic complications. Although many short-term, fixed-duration regimens exist to compare effectiveness of different drugs and treatments, analysis of the long-term effects of these treatments are still needed by the medical co
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