This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that may have a significant, negative impact on systemic conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and may increase the incidence of preterm birth in pregnant women. Preliminary studies have suggested that controlling oral infection and inflammation may have beneficial systemic effects. Our previous studies have demonstrated that combining traditional, non-surgical periodontal therapy with supplemental anti-inflammatory agents provides improved clinical treatment outcomes and at the same time demonstrates a significant impact on systemic markers of inflammation. Many well-recognized disorders are associated with excessive intake of dietary fat, including obesity, insulin resistance, coronary heart disease, and some forms of cancer. While intake of saturated, trans, and arachidonic fatty acids (M) has been linked to the development of chronic disease, research shows n-3 [polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)] fatty acids, specifically fish oils (eg. cold-water fish such as salmon, cod, tuna, or mackerel) or plant oils (eg. flax, linseed), can contribute to the prevention and treatment of disease. N-3 fatty acids, together with the n-6 fatty acids, are important components of a healthful diet. Fish oils are comprised of the essential fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, n-3). Both EPA and DHA fall into the category of PUPAs. Dietary n-3 PUPA have been shown to modulate inflammatory responses via regulating lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine production, signal transduction, and gene expression in humans and rodents. Dietary n-3 PUPA provides a benefit by reducing inflammation and improving antibacterial and autoimmune responses. The effect of dietary lipid intake on resistance to infection suggests that n-3 PUPA are both anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory. The capacity for human diets enriched in n-3 PUPA to alter systemic responses to chronic inflammation has previously been demonstrated. It is speculated that the use of n-3 PUPA, as a readily available dietary supplement with anti-inflammatory properties, could have an important impact on resolving oral infection and inflammation when combined with traditional non-surgical periodontal therapies. In addition, it is hypothesized that a combination of periodontal therapy and n-3 PUPA administration will provide a synergistically beneficial effect on the local and systemic markers of infection and inflammation that have previously been associated with periodontal disease. This proposal explores the potential for the use of dietary n-3 PUPA in the management of oral and systemic inflammation and evaluates its clinical, inflammatory and antibacterial impact.
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| Nagarajan, Radhakrishnan; Miller, Craig S; Dawson 3rd, Dolph et al. (2015) Patient-Specific Variations in Biomarkers across Gingivitis and Periodontitis. PLoS One 10:e0136792 |
| Ebersole, Jeffrey L; Nagarajan, Radhakrishnan; Akers, David et al. (2015) Targeted salivary biomarkers for discrimination of periodontal health and disease(s). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 5:62 |
| Ewen, Heidi H; Chahal, Jasleen K; Fenster, Emily S (2015) A portrait of resilience in caregiving. Res Gerontol Nurs 8:29-38 |
| Alhurani, Abdullah S; Dekker, Rebecca L; Abed, Mona A et al. (2015) The association of co-morbid symptoms of depression and anxiety with all-cause mortality and cardiac rehospitalization in patients with heart failure. Psychosomatics 56:371-80 |
| Biddle, Martha J; Lennie, Terry A; Bricker, Gregory V et al. (2015) Lycopene dietary intervention: a pilot study in patients with heart failure. J Cardiovasc Nurs 30:205-12 |
| Kasarskis, Edward J; Mendiondo, Marta S; Matthews, Dwight E et al. (2014) Estimating daily energy expenditure in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Am J Clin Nutr 99:792-803 |
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