This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. INTRODUCTION: The Executive Order 12564 - Drug-free Federal Workplace, Sec. 3., requires drug testing for government employees in an effort to assure public safety. Individuals using drugs and others interested in profit begin to develop ways to defeat the intent of Congress by adulterating urine. Upon the request of the U.S. Congress, the FAA has recently convened a colloquium of learned scientists to collect data to determine the optimum method for determining the alteration of urine that will protect the public and the individuals being tested. This study contributes to that effort. OBJECTIVES: There are no well-designed studies to establish changes in typical urine characteristics and to correlate those changes with the fluid type and amount of intake, body mass index (BMI), metabolic rate, body weight, and other related parameters. This study will begin to establish the relationship between changes in urine characteristics and fluid intake type and amount, gastric emptying time, and other associated parameters. Findings from the study will establish the normal distribution of the tested urine parameters under the proposed fluid intakes. Such information will be used to scientifically and correctly interpret results of urine testing of samples collected under the workplace drug abatement programs. With this information, testing results will better withstand judicial and scientific scrutiny that will help to enhance aviation safety without accusing an innocent urine sample donor.
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