This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. There is a growing body of evidence to suggest that children and adolescents with ADHD are nearly 2x more likely to smoke than children without ADHD. Despite the higher association of smoking and greater difficulty quitting in the ADHD population, little is know about why some youth with ADHD become established smokers while others do not. It is possible that some persons with ADHD are genetically and/or psychosocially protected from progressing to established smoking, whereas others are exposed to biologic/genetic or psychosocial influences that increase their risk. To fill this gap in our knowledge, we are conducting a cross-sectional study with adolescents attending a primary medical care clinic for their treatment of ADHD. We are examining risk and protective factors for smoking. To date, a total of 36 subjects with ADHD and 64 subjects without ADHD have participated in this project. Genotyping analysis is being conducted, and all behavioral data have been entered into a database and verified. Upon the completion of subject enrollment and all DNA genotyping we will conduct statistical analyses to answer the primary research questions of interest.
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