RoleoftheMitochondrialPeptideHumanininRegulatingAgingandStressResistance Aging and longevity are regulated by multiple pathways, but two of the most potent regulators of the aging process are diet and the GH/IGF axis, which are themselves inter-related. Over the last funding period we studied the effects of dietary interventions and GH/IGF-axis modulation on longevity and diseases of aging, and we have also identified a remarkable relationship between these interventions and the novel mitochondrial-derivedpeptide,humanin,whichisencodedfromasmallopenreadingframe(sORF)withinthe mitochondrial genome (16S rRNA gene). Dietary restriction (DR), GH/IGF reduction, and H2S lead to increases in humanin levels, while humanin suppresses IGF-I and dramatically raises the levels of IGFBP-1. Humanin levels fall with age and humanin overexpression or administration to various organisms leads to healthspan and lifespan extension. Similarly to DR, humanin protects from a variety of insults, and its administration prevents the development of diseases of aging. These studies suggest a DR-mimetic role for humanin. In this project we will consider the central hypotheses that (1) humanin is a DR-mimetic whose expression is regulated by aging-modulating interventions such as dietary manipulations, H2S, and IGF- reduction, and (2) humanin administration can act similarly to DR and periodic fasting or protein restriction cycles(PFC,PRC),H2S,andGH/IGF-blockade,topromotelongevityandhealthspan. We will study the mechanisms by which diet, IGF, and H2S regulate humanin expression;? and study the transcriptionalandpost-transcriptionalregulationofthehumanin-sORF.Wewillproposetodemonstrateusing several mouse models and in vitro systems that humanin treatment or over-expression delays aging and aging-related diseases acting as a physiological DR-mimetic (and that humanin knock-down has opposite effects)andelucidatethemechanismsinvolved,includingIGF-1suppressioninhepatocytes.Together,these proposed studies will demonstrate the dietary-restriction-like effects of humanin and will advance our understandingofitsregulationbydietandGHanditsmechanismsofaction.Ifsuccessful,ourworkwillsetthe stageforclinicaladvancementofnewdiagnosticandtherapeuticinterventionsfordiseasesofaging.
Role of the Mitochondrial Peptide Humanin in Regulating Aging and Stress Resistance Aging and longevity are regulated by multiple pathways, but two of the most potent regulators of the aging process are diet and the and the growth hormone system, which are themselves inter-related. We identified a remarkable relationship between these interventions and the novel mitochondrial-derived peptide, humanin, which is encoded within the mitochondrial genome. Both dietary manipulations, as well as growth hormone reduction lead to increases in humanin levels. In this project we will evaluate if humanin is a diet restriction-like, hormone and will advance our understanding of its regulation by diet. If successful, our work will set the stage for clinical advancement of new diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for diseases of aging.
| Mao, Kai; Quipildor, Gabriela Farias; Tabrizian, Tahmineh et al. (2018) Late-life targeting of the IGF-1 receptor improves healthspan and lifespan in female mice. Nat Commun 9:2394 |
| Kim, Su-Jeong; Mehta, Hemal H; Wan, Junxiang et al. (2018) Mitochondrial peptides modulate mitochondrial function during cellular senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 10:1239-1256 |
| Xiao, Jialin; Cohen, Pinchas; Stern, Mariana Carla et al. (2018) Mitochondrial biology and prostate cancer ethnic disparity. Carcinogenesis 39:1311-1319 |
| Nencioni, Alessio; Caffa, Irene; Cortellino, Salvatore et al. (2018) Fasting and cancer: molecular mechanisms and clinical application. Nat Rev Cancer 18:707-719 |
| Qin, Qing; Delrio, Silvia; Wan, Junxiang et al. (2018) Downregulation of circulating MOTS-c levels in patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction. Int J Cardiol 254:23-27 |
| Guidi, Novella; Longo, Valter D (2018) Periodic fasting starves cisplatin-resistant cancers to death. EMBO J 37: |
| Buono, Roberta; Longo, Valter D (2018) Starvation, Stress Resistance, and Cancer. Trends Endocrinol Metab 29:271-280 |
| Qin, Qing; Mehta, Hemal; Yen, Kelvin et al. (2018) Chronic treatment with the mitochondrial peptide humanin prevents age-related myocardial fibrosis in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 315:H1127-H1136 |
| Hine, Christopher; Kim, Hyo-Jeong; Zhu, Yan et al. (2017) Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Regulates Hydrogen Sulfide Production. Cell Metab 25:1320-1333.e5 |
| Nashiro, Kaoru; Guevara-Aguirre, Jaime; Braskie, Meredith N et al. (2017) Brain Structure and Function Associated with Younger Adults in Growth Hormone Receptor-Deficient Humans. J Neurosci 37:1696-1707 |
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