Xenotransplantation remains the best near-term hope for alleviating the critical shortage of allogeneic organs. A major advance in organ xenograft survival has been the development of a knock-out strain of miniature swine (GalT-KO), which are not subject to the severe rejection previously caused by natural anti- Gal antibodies. Our initial studies using these animals as donors demonstrated a marked improvement in the survival of life-supporting renal transplants when recipient baboons were treated with a regimen designed to induce T cell tolerance, as compared to relying on chronic immunosuppression. During this project period, we have expanded our studies of tolerance induction across the pig-to-baboon barrier and have achieved specific loss of primate anti-pig reactivity in several protocols, supporting the feasibility of tolerance induction. Nevertheless, significant problems remain before xenotransplantation will be applicable clinically. This resubmission application combines four component projects that encompass the most pressing problems and the most promising approaches in this field of research: 1) tolerance induction through vascularized thymic transplantation; 2) tolerance induction through mixed chimerism; 3) modeling of tolerance in mice with human immune systems; and 4) thromboregulatory barriers to xenotransplantation. All of these projects are highly interactive, and utilize numerous shared resources, many of which will be made available through the large and small animal cores. The work will be carried out in a unique environment, which provides interactions among scientists working in basic and cellular immunology as well as with clinicians committed to taking new therapies to clinical applications.

Public Health Relevance

Xenotransplantation remains the best near-term hope for alleviating the critical shortage of allogeneic organs today. This Program Project grant combines four component projects that encompass what we consider to be the most pressing problems and the most promising approaches in this field of research.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
7P01AI045897-15
Application #
8871634
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAI1)
Program Officer
Nabavi, Nasrin N
Project Start
2001-09-01
Project End
2016-08-18
Budget Start
2015-07-01
Budget End
2016-08-18
Support Year
15
Fiscal Year
2015
Total Cost
Indirect Cost
Name
Columbia University (N.Y.)
Department
Internal Medicine/Medicine
Type
Schools of Medicine
DUNS #
621889815
City
New York
State
NY
Country
United States
Zip Code
10032
Sykes, Megan (2018) IXA Honorary Member Lecture, 2017: The long and winding road to tolerance. Xenotransplantation 25:e12419
Proto, Jonathan D; Doran, Amanda C; Subramanian, Manikandan et al. (2018) Hypercholesterolemia induces T cell expansion in humanized immune mice. J Clin Invest 128:2370-2375
Chen, Mo; Wang, Yuantao; Wang, Hui et al. (2018) Elimination of donor CD47 protects against vascularized allograft rejection in mice. Xenotransplantation :e12459
Watanabe, Hironosuke; Sahara, Hisashi; Nomura, Shunichiro et al. (2018) GalT-KO pig lungs are highly susceptible to acute vascular rejection in baboons, which may be mitigated by transgenic expression of hCD47 on porcine blood vessels. Xenotransplantation 25:e12391
Sachs, David H (2018) Transplantation tolerance through mixed chimerism: From allo to xeno. Xenotransplantation 25:e12420
Fishman, Jay A; Sachs, David H; Yamada, Kazuhiko et al. (2018) Absence of interaction between porcine endogenous retrovirus and porcine cytomegalovirus in pig-to-baboon renal xenotransplantation in vivo. Xenotransplantation 25:e12395
Mastroianni, Melissa; Ng, Zhi Yang; Goyal, Ritu et al. (2018) Topical Delivery of Immunosuppression to Prolong Xenogeneic and Allogeneic Split-Thickness Skin Graft Survival. J Burn Care Res 39:363-373
Giwa, Sebastian; Lewis, Jedediah K; Alvarez, Luis et al. (2017) The promise of organ and tissue preservation to transform medicine. Nat Biotechnol 35:530-542
Sachs, David H (2017) Immune Tolerance, Xenografts, and Large-Animal Studies in Transplantation. Ann Am Thorac Soc 14:S220-S225
Borsotti, Chiara; Danzl, Nichole M; Nauman, Grace et al. (2017) HSC extrinsic sex-related and intrinsic autoimmune disease-related human B-cell variation is recapitulated in humanized mice. Blood Adv 1:2007-2018

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