The goal of Project 2 is to understand how TIM proteins regulate immune responses and autoimmunity via their recognition of phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells. We discovered the Tim (T cell- Imunoglobulin-Mucin) genes, which we showed regulate tolerance, Th2 cytokine production, and asthma. We propose to:
Specific Aim 1. Determine the functional consequences of TIM-4 and TIM-3 on APC binding to phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells. We will examine effects on (a) anti-inflammatory cytokine production: IL-10, TGF-|3;(b) expression of coinhibitory molecules: PD-L1, PD-L2, B7-H3, B7-H4;(c) expression of co-stimulatory molecules: B7-1, B7-2, ICOS-L, CD40;(d) PGE2 and IDO production.
Specific Aim 2. Determine the functional consequences of TIM-4 and TIM-3 on APC binding to phosphatidylserine in a pro-inflammatory context and determine the effects of TIM-1 and TIM-3 on T cells binding to PtdSer on an apoptotic APC. We will examine the (a) effects of TIM-4 or TIM-3 mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic versus necrotic cells on APC function in pro-inflammatory conditions;(b) determine the effects on T cell activation and TReg development of TIM-1 and TIM-3 on T cells binding to PtdSer on an apoptotic APC;and (c) determine how the health of the APC regulates T cell responses through TIM-1 and TIM-3.
Specific Aim 3. Determine the structure/function relationship of TIM alleles on recognition of phosphatidylserine, phagocytosis, and T cell activation. We will perform a mutational analysis of the TIM-4 phosphatidylserine binding site and functional consequences of these mutations on phagocytosis;determine if HBA and BALB/c alleles of TIM-1 and TIM-3 have different capacities to recognize PtdSer and phagocytose apoptotic cells;and (c) determine how TIM-1 costimulation affects T cell activation in vitro and compare responses of TIM-1-expressing T cells from HBA and BALB/c mice. These studies together will greatly increase our understanding of the function of TIMs in the regulation of tolerance and Th2 responses, and will characterize a crucial regulator of CD4 T cell differentiation and a novel and extremely important asthma susceptibility gene family.
TIM proteins recognize dead cells and help remove them from the body. We will find out how the TIMs remove dead cells and how this regulates the immune response. This will allow us to understand the development of and design therapies for asthma, allergies, and autoimmune disease.
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| Costafreda, Maria Isabel; Kaplan, Gerardo (2018) HAVCR1 (CD365) and Its Mouse Ortholog Are Functional Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Cellular Receptors That Mediate HAV Infection. J Virol 92: |
| Chuang, Ya-Ting; Leung, Krystle; Chang, Ya-Jen et al. (2018) A natural killer T-cell subset that protects against airway hyperreactivity. J Allergy Clin Immunol : |
| Kamphorst, Alice O; Wieland, Andreas; Nasti, Tahseen et al. (2017) Rescue of exhausted CD8 T cells by PD-1-targeted therapies is CD28-dependent. Science 355:1423-1427 |
| Santiago, César; Mudgal, Gaurav; Reguera, Juan et al. (2017) Allosteric inhibition of aminopeptidase N functions related to tumor growth and virus infection. Sci Rep 7:46045 |
| Morales-Kastresana, Aizea; Telford, Bill; Musich, Thomas A et al. (2017) Labeling Extracellular Vesicles for Nanoscale Flow Cytometry. Sci Rep 7:1878 |
| Foks, Amanda C; Engelbertsen, Daniel; Kuperwaser, Felicia et al. (2016) Blockade of Tim-1 and Tim-4 Enhances Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Deficient Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 36:456-65 |
| Brauner, Eran; Gunda, Viswanath; Vanden Borre, Pierre et al. (2016) Combining BRAF inhibitor and anti PD-L1 antibody dramatically improves tumor regression and anti tumor immunity in an immunocompetent murine model of anaplastic thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 7:17194-211 |
| Kim, Hye Young; Umetsu, Dale T; Dekruyff, Rosemarie H (2016) Innate lymphoid cells in asthma: Will they take your breath away? Eur J Immunol 46:795-806 |
| Baumeister, Susanne H; Freeman, Gordon J; Dranoff, Glenn et al. (2016) Coinhibitory Pathways in Immunotherapy for Cancer. Annu Rev Immunol 34:539-73 |
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