Live, attenuated strains of SIV still afford the most reliable protection against pathogenic challenge viruses in animal models. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms of protection by attenuated viruses may provide insights crucial to the development of a safe and effective AIDS vaccine. We have developed an approach for producing genetically engineered strains of SIV that are limited to a single round of infection as a non-replicating AIDS vaccine approach. Single-cycle SIV (scSIV)-infected cells express all of the viral gene products except for Pol and release immature virus particles that cannot complete subsequent rounds of infection. In previous studies, rhesus macaques immunized with scSIV made diverse virus-specific immune responses and were able to partially contain viral loads after an intravenous challenge with wild-type SIVmac239. More recently, we evaluated the effects of trans-complementation with the vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV G) and the route of administration on virus-specific T cell responses. After a single dose of VSV G trans-complemented scSIV (VSV G scSIV), SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses were more than 10-fold higher than previous responses in animals inoculated with non-trans-complemented scSIV. Phenotypic analysis of virus-specific CD8+ T cells also revealed differences in the expression of the mucosal homing receptor a4p7 depending on the route of inoculation. Here we propose to use VSV G scSIV as a tool to further investigate mechanisms of mucosal immunity and the extent of heterologous protection that may be achieved by this vaccine approach.
For specific aim 1, we will test the hypothesis that the site of immunization with VSV G scSIV determines the mucosal homing properties of virus-specific T cells and resistance to an intrarectal challenge with SIVmac239.
For specific aim 2, we will test the hypothesis that the site of priming influences the homing of virus-specific T cell responses expanded after a systemic boost with VSV G scSIV and the degree of protection against a vaginal challenge with SIVmac239.
For specific aim 3, we will test the hypothesis that immunization with a mixture of antigenically divergent strains of VSV G scSIV can broaden virus-specific immune responses and enhance protection against a heterologous challenge virus. These studies contribute to the overall goals of this program project to define mechanisms of protective immunity by attenuated vaccine strains and to pursue promising new AIDS vaccine concepts.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
5P01AI071306-04
Application #
8044815
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZAI1)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
2010-04-01
Budget End
2011-03-31
Support Year
4
Fiscal Year
2010
Total Cost
$767,746
Indirect Cost
Name
Harvard University
Department
Type
DUNS #
047006379
City
Boston
State
MA
Country
United States
Zip Code
02115
Shang, L; Smith, A J; Reilly, C S et al. (2018) Vaccine-modified NF-kB and GR signaling in cervicovaginal epithelium correlates with protection. Mucosal Immunol 11:512-522
Shang, L; Duan, L; Perkey, K E et al. (2017) Epithelium-innate immune cell axis in mucosal responses to SIV. Mucosal Immunol 10:508-519
Zeng, Ming; Smith, Anthony J; Shang, Liang et al. (2016) Mucosal Humoral Immune Response to SIVmac239?nef Vaccination and Vaginal Challenge. J Immunol 196:2809-18
Adnan, Sama; Colantonio, Arnaud D; Yu, Yi et al. (2015) CD8 T cell response maturation defined by anentropic specificity and repertoire depth correlates with SIV?nef-induced protection. PLoS Pathog 11:e1004633
George, Michael D; Hu, William; Billingsley, James M et al. (2014) Transcriptional profiling of peripheral CD8+T cell responses to SIV?nef and SIVmac251 challenge reveals a link between protective immunity and induction of systemic immunoregulatory mechanisms. Virology 468-470:581-91
Li, Qingsheng; Zeng, Ming; Duan, Lijie et al. (2014) Live simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine correlate of protection: local antibody production and concentration on the path of virus entry. J Immunol 193:3113-25
Smith, Anthony J; Wietgrefe, Stephen W; Shang, Liang et al. (2014) Live simian immunodeficiency virus vaccine correlate of protection: immune complex-inhibitory Fc receptor interactions that reduce target cell availability. J Immunol 193:3126-33
Shang, Liang; Smith, Anthony J; Duan, Lijie et al. (2014) NK cell responses to simian immunodeficiency virus vaginal exposure in naive and vaccinated rhesus macaques. J Immunol 193:277-84
Manrique, Julieta; Piatak, Michael; Lauer, William et al. (2013) Influence of mismatch of Env sequences on vaccine protection by live attenuated simian immunodeficiency virus. J Virol 87:7246-54
Rahmberg, Andrew R; Neidermyer Jr, William J; Breed, Matthew W et al. (2013) Tetherin upregulation in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques. J Virol 87:13917-21

Showing the most recent 10 out of 31 publications