Xerostomia (dry mouth) is the most common complication of radiotherapy (RT) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). It adversely impacts patients'quality of life and places them at risk for significant late morbidities. Current strategies to mitigate xerostomia are costly and ineffective. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), which aims to spare one parotid gland, has resulted in some improvement of stimulatory salivary function, but it cannot spare the submandibular glands (SMG), which are crucial for resting salivary function throughout the day, because of their location adjacent to the draining lymph nodes. Recently, adult stem cells (SC) have been isolated from murine SMG and have shown the ability to rescue salivary function in irradiated mice. We found that these SCs express a significantly higher level of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-3A2 (ALDH3A2) than their non-stem-cell counterparts (NSCs) and treatment with an ALDH3A2 activator, Alda89, resulted in SMG SC enrichment in vivo. We also found that SMG irradiation resulted in hypoxia, which has been reported to decrease the overall ALDHS expression in normal cells. Hence, we hypothesize that RT-induced hypoxia in the SMG decreases the survival and regeneration of SMG SCs through its effect on ALHD3A2 expression, and activation of this enzyme either genetically or pharmacologically during or after RT may mitigate RT-induce xerostomia. Hypoxia signaling through the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is critical for normal tissue homeostasis during RT-related inflammation. HIF-1 levels are regulated by the prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), whose inhibition results in protection against RT-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and increased survival of lethally irradiated mice (Project 1). We hypothesize that HIF-1 signaling is also critical for the mitigation of RTinduced damage of the SMG and modulation of its activity with a PHD inhibitor will mitigate such damage. The main objectives of this proposal are: (1) to evaluate the effect of RT and hypoxia on ALDH3A2 expression and function in SMG SC and NSC, (2) to determine whether ALDHSA2 activation or PHD inhibition can mitigate RT-induced xerostomia (Project 1) and (3) to determine the effect of ALDH3A2 activation and PHD inhibition on HNSCC growth and survival (Project 1,3 and Core B). Our ultimate goal is to devise novel strategies to mitigate RT-induced xerostomia in HNC patients.

Public Health Relevance

This project focuses on the manipulation of two different pathways that are affected by inflammation and hypoxia in the salivary glands due to radiation injury. We have found that at least one pathway (ALDHSA2 pathway) can affect the survival of adult salivary stem cells. The other pathway may be involved in maintaining the stem cell niche. We hope that by manipulating these pathways, we can enhance stem cell survival after radiation and hypoxia damage and restore saliva function. We hope to eventually apply drugs that can affect these pathways to minimize radiation-induced dry mouth and its-related complications.

Agency
National Institute of Health (NIH)
Institute
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
Type
Research Program Projects (P01)
Project #
5P01CA067166-17
Application #
8744821
Study Section
Special Emphasis Panel (ZCA1-RPRB-2)
Project Start
Project End
Budget Start
2014-06-01
Budget End
2015-05-31
Support Year
17
Fiscal Year
2014
Total Cost
$195,956
Indirect Cost
Name
Stanford University
Department
Type
DUNS #
009214214
City
Stanford
State
CA
Country
United States
Zip Code
94305
Vilalta, Marta; Brune, Jourdan; Rafat, Marjan et al. (2018) The role of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in radiation-induced tumor cell migration. Clin Exp Metastasis 35:247-254
Tandon, Neha; Thakkar, Kaushik N; LaGory, Edward L et al. (2018) Generation of Stable Expression Mammalian Cell Lines Using Lentivirus. Bio Protoc 8:
Yang, Zhifen; Zhang, Jing; Jiang, Dadi et al. (2018) A Human Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse Modulators that Mediate IRE1?-XBP1 Activation. Mol Cancer Res 16:745-753
Benej, Martin; Hong, Xiangqian; Vibhute, Sandip et al. (2018) Papaverine and its derivatives radiosensitize solid tumors by inhibiting mitochondrial metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:10756-10761
Rafat, Marjan; Aguilera, Todd A; Vilalta, Marta et al. (2018) Macrophages Promote Circulating Tumor Cell-Mediated Local Recurrence following Radiotherapy in Immunosuppressed Patients. Cancer Res 78:4241-4252
Saiki, Julie P; Cao, Hongbin; Van Wassenhove, Lauren D et al. (2018) Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 activation prevents radiation-induced xerostomia by protecting salivary stem cells from toxic aldehydes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115:6279-6284
Olcina, Monica M; Kim, Ryan K; Melemenidis, Stavros et al. (2018) The tumour microenvironment links complement system dysregulation and hypoxic signalling?. Br J Radiol :20180069
Castellini, Laura; Moon, Eui Jung; Razorenova, Olga V et al. (2017) KDM4B/JMJD2B is a p53 target gene that modulates the amplitude of p53 response after DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 45:3674-3692
VandeKopple, Matthew J; Wu, Jinghai; Baer, Lisa A et al. (2017) Stress-responsive HILPDA is necessary for thermoregulation during fasting. J Endocrinol 235:27-38
Peinado, Héctor; Zhang, Haiying; Matei, Irina R et al. (2017) Pre-metastatic niches: organ-specific homes for metastases. Nat Rev Cancer 17:302-317

Showing the most recent 10 out of 203 publications