The kidney plays a key role in the control of body fluid volume and composition, and tubular and/or hemodynamic dysfunction are common features of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. The renal P450 arachidonic acid (AA) monooxygenase biosynthesizes hydroxy- and epoxy-AA derivatives that are known to modulate tubular transport and vascular reactivity. Animal models of P450 gene dysfunction confirmed the physiological importance of these enzymes, characterized their pathophysiological roles, and provided insights into the mechanism of action of their metabolites. Studies of the pathophysiological roles of human P450s identified associations between P450 gene variants with hypertension, the progression of renal disease, and with components of metabolic syndrome. This application proposes to build upon these studies and to address: a) mechanisms by which the P450-eicosanoids regulate renal tubular transport and vascular reactivity, b) the role of P450s in human hypertension and renal complications of diabetes, and c) the molecular basis of these pathophysiological roles. To achieve these goals, we developed a multidisciplinary approach for studies of P450-isoform specific phenotypes at the cellular, organ and whole animal levels, the analysis of associations between alterations in human P450 gene structure/expression and disease, and for clinical studies of their metabolic and functional consequences. Cyp2c and Cyp4a knockout mice will be used to study gene-dependent changes in: a) renal EET and/or 20-HETE synthase expression, b) tubular transport and/or vascular reactivity, and c) systemic blood pressure and the progression of renal disease. Associations between CYP2C8/2C9 or CYP4A11 genotypes with blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, and urine and plasma EET and 20-HETE levels will be explored to define pathophysiological correlations between variant alleles, AA epoxidation/hydroxylation, and individual responses to changes in dietary salt intake, the administration of diuretics, or peroxisomal proliferator activated receptor (alpha) ligands. Our long term goals are to provide a molecular understanding of role(s) of P450 eicosanoids in renal physiological, their mechanism and site of action, and relevance to human disease. These are needed for the development of meaningful approaches for: a) the unequivocal definition of human pathophysiological significance, and b) future pharmacological targeting, and clinical diagnosis and intervention.
Hypertension and diabetes are leading causes of cardiovascular, cerebral, and renal disease morbidity and mortality, and their prevalence and multiple medical and socio-economic consequences make them a major health challenge. It is expected that the definition of a role for kidney P450s in human hypertension and diabetes will lead to new approaches for the early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases, and contribute to prevent their devastating consequences.
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