Toxicity and Mutagenicity of Combustion Generated Particles

Elliott, John F.

Abstract

The purpose of the program is study of the physical and chemical conditions in combustion systems that lead to the formation of fine organic and inorganic particles and the coating of these particles with organic mutagens that may be present in combustion gases, and to assess the effects of the particles, with and without mutagens, on mutation of a human lymphoblast cell strain. Particles will be generated in furnaces in which soot and/or selected metals, such as cadmium, zinc, manganese and vanadium, are volatilized, oxidized, and possibly sulfated for conditions simulating those encountered during combustion of fuels. On cooling of the combustion gases, selected mutagenitic compounds that can be formed in combustion systems will be condensed on the particles. In a second set of experiments, organic and inorganic aerosols will be formed by combustion of coals and synthetic carbon spheres doped with selected metal-bearing compounds. These particles will also be coated with mutagenic compounds. The physical and chemical characteristics of particles form the two sources to be determined by a number of critical methods. Then particles generated in the equipment will be collected, and the effect of mutagen-particle interaction on mutation of a human lymphoblast strain will be assessed.

Funding Agency

• Agency: National Institute of Health (NIH)
• Institute: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
• Type: Research Program Projects (P01)
• Project #: 5P01ES001640-14
• Application #: 3855569
• Support Year: 14
• Fiscal Year: 1991

Institution

• Name: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• City: Cambridge
• State: MA
• Country: United States
• Zip Code: 02139

Publications

Tomita-Mitchell, Aoy; Ling, Losee Lucy; Glover, Curtis L et al. (2003) The mutational spectrum of the HPRT gene from human T cells in vivo shares a significant concordant set of hot spots with MNNG-treated human cells. Cancer Res 63:5793-8

Tomita-Mitchell, A; Kat, A G; Marcelino, L A et al. (2000) Mismatch repair deficient human cells: spontaneous and MNNG-induced mutational spectra in the HPRT gene. Mutat Res 450:125-38

Durant, J L; Lafleur, A L; Busby Jr, W F et al. (1999) Mutagenicity of C24H14 PAH in human cells expressing CYP1A1. Mutat Res 446:1-14

Wang, J S; He, X; Mulder, P P et al. (1999) Comparative tumorigenicity of the cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons aceanthrylene, dihydroaceanthrylene and acephenanthrylene in preweanling CD-1 and BLU:Ha mouse bioassays. Carcinogenesis 20:1137-41

Busby Jr, W F; Smith, H; Crespi, C L et al. (1997) Mutagenicity of the atmospheric transformation products 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitrodibenzopyranone in Salmonella and human cell forward mutation assays. Mutat Res 389:261-70

Busby Jr, W F; Smith, H; Plummer, E F et al. (1997) Mutagenicity of cyclopenta-fused polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and a non-polar fraction from a fuel combustion sample in a Salmonella forward mutation assay without exogenous metabolic activation. Mutat Res 391:117-25

Durant, J L; Busby Jr, W F; Lafleur, A L et al. (1996) Human cell mutagenicity of oxygenated, nitrated and unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons associated with urban aerosols. Mutat Res 371:123-57

Palotas, A B; Rainey, L C; Feldermann, C J et al. (1996) Soot morphology: an application of image analysis in high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 33:266-78

Wang, J S; Busby Jr, W F (1996) Bacterial and human cell mutagenicity and mouse lung tumorigenicity of the oxygenated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon phenalenone. Fundam Appl Toxicol 33:212-9

Wang, J S; Busby, W F; Wogan, G N (1995) Tissue distribution of DNA adducts in pre-weanling BLU:Ha mice treated with a tumorigenic dose of fluoranthene. Cancer Lett 92:9-19